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Fertility is a journey full of nuances where weight plays a very important role. Both low weight and excess kilos can influence the ability to conceive and the course of pregnancy. Here we explain in simple terms how weight affects fertility and what actions you can take. How does low weight affect fertility? When your BMI is below 18.5 kg/m², the body lacks sufficient energy and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis reduces the release of GnRH, estrogen, and progesterone. This can cause irregular cycles (oligomenorrhea) or absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), making ovulation difficult. Additionally, the lack of key nutrients such as iron, omega-3, vitamins B12 and D can affect oocyte quality and uterine receptivity. If you become pregnant with low weight, the risk of preterm birth and a baby weighing less than 2,500 g increases. Avoid self-medication and always consult a professional. How does overweight influence fertility? With a BMI ≥30 kg/m², in women insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction increase, favoring conditions such as PCOS and thyroid problems. During pregnancy, the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and obstetric complications rises. In men, excess fat raises scrotal temperature and converts more testosterone into estrogen, reducing sperm count and quality. Research shows increased sperm DNA fragmentation and morphological alterations. Weight management strategies to improve fertility Balanced diet Include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, healthy fats (avocado, olive oil), and complex carbohydrates (oats, quinoa). Limit ultra-processed foods and refined sugars. Before supplementing or taking medication, consult a reproductive specialist. Moderate exercise Walking 30 minutes a day, swimming, or practicing yoga helps improve insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health without stressing the reproductive axis. Avoid excessive training that elevates cortisol and affects ovulation. Specialist support An assisted reproduction team will offer you a personalized plan based on your history, lab tests, and lifestyle. With metabolic evaluation, nutritional advice, and, if necessary, hormonal treatment, your chances of conceiving are optimized. When to seek medical help? If after 6–12 months of dietary and exercise changes you haven’t achieved pregnancy, it’s time to see a specialist. Hormonal studies, ultrasounds, and semen analyses will be performed to identify the cause and define the best protocol (timed intercourse, intrauterine insemination, or IVF). Periodic follow-up allows for treatment adjustments and maximizes success. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. What is the ideal BMI for conception? A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m² offers a stable hormonal environment and increases the chances of pregnancy. But each person is different: age, genetics, and background have an impact, so a personalized evaluation is key. 2. Which nutrients should I prioritize if I’m underweight? Ensure iron (18 mg/day), omega-3 (EPA and DHA, 200–300 mg/day), vitamin D (600 IU/day), and protein (1.2 g/kg). Legumes, fatty fish, nuts, and fortified dairy will help. Consult a specialized nutritionist. 3. Can exercise be counterproductive? Moderate exercise (30–60 min, 3–5 days/week) is beneficial. Very high-intensity training or marathons can raise cortisol and disrupt the menstrual cycle. Combine light cardio, strength, and flexibility according to your tolerance and medical recommendations. 4. What treatment options are available if lifestyle changes don’t work? After 6–12 months without pregnancy, the specialist may suggest timed intercourse, intrauterine insemination, or IVF, depending on your diagnosis. Hormonal tests, ultrasounds, and semen analyses help design the most suitable plan. Sources Consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Clinical Practice Guidelines on Obesity and Reproductive Health. DOI:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000547 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Pregnancy and Weight Gain. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-weight-gain.htm MedlinePlus. (2023). Infertility. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html World Health Organization. (2018). WHO Guidelines on Nutritional Interventions for Reproductive Health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550438 We know that the path to parenthood can be challenging. You are not alone: rely on an assisted reproduction specialist to answer your questions and accompany you every step of the way.

Each year, on June 4, we celebrate World Fertility Day to remind everyone how valuable reproductive health is and to acknowledge the challenges faced by those who dream of starting a family. This date aims to inform about the causes of infertility and promote access to treatments and support that make a difference. At Ingenes, we join this global cause with advanced, personalized solutions to help you achieve your dream of becoming a mom or dad. Why is World Fertility Day important? Reproductive health is key to everyone’s well-being. According to the WHO, between 10% and 15% of couples face difficulties conceiving. Infertility often triggers intense emotions—frustration, sadness, and stress—that can affect daily life and relationships. Common causes and available treatments Infertility can arise from various factors in women and men, and sometimes it’s a shared challenge. Women: ovulation and reproductive anatomy Ovulation issues like PCOS, blocked fallopian tubes, or endometriosis are common. Diagnosis involves blood tests for hormones such as FSH and LH. Men: Sperm Quality and Quantity Problems in sperm production, blockages, or genetic causes can affect male fertility. A complete semen analysis provides essential information. Assisted reproduction techniques at Ingenes We offer intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with ovarian stimulation of 75–150 IU/day of FSH. For specific cases, we provide ICSI and PGT, increasing success rates. Innovation that transforms lives With the IVF ABC program, our incubators maintain 37 °C and 5% CO₂ for optimal embryo development. We offer cryopreservation and advanced techniques that bring hope to many families. Discover more at Celebrating Hope and Science on World Fertility Day and at World Sexual Health Day: A Holistic View of Wellness and Fertility. Frequently Asked Questions When Should You See a Fertility Specialist? If you’ve been trying to conceive for 12 months (or 6 months if you’re over 35) without success, it’s time to consult a reproductive specialist. They will review your history, request hormonal tests, and order imaging studies such as ultrasounds. Do not self-medicate: a specialist will determine precise doses and monitor your treatment to maximize your chances and safeguard your health. What Are the Success Rates for IVF and ICSI? In women under 35, implantation of a quality embryo can exceed 40% per IVF cycle. ICSI fertilizes between 70% and 80% of oocytes when semen analysis shows abnormalities. Using PGT to select viable embryos can boost these figures, but every case is unique and requires a personalized plan. What Side Effects May Occur? Ovarian stimulation can cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), bloating, and breast discomfort. With controlled FSH doses (75–150 IU/day) and frequent monitoring, the risk decreases. Follicular puncture is usually performed under sedation and is well tolerated. Report any unusual symptoms to your medical team. Is It Worth Freezing Eggs or Embryos? Vitrification offers reproductive freedom to those wishing to postpone motherhood. Post-thaw survival exceeds 90%. Your specialist will assess your ovarian reserve with AMH hormone levels and recommend the best strategy. The procedure lasts under 60 minutes and, with local anesthesia, is comfortable and safe. Sources World Health Organization. (2020). Infertility definitions and terminology. Retrieved from https://www.who.int American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2019). Optimizing Natural Fertility. Fertility and Sterility, 111(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.11.013 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2021). Assisted Reproductive Technology. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Criteria for PGT-A. Fertility and Sterility, 117(2), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.10.027 We know this journey can be challenging. You are not alone: with proper support and a fertility specialist, you will increase your chances of achieving that long-awaited pregnancy. Consult a professional to receive the guidance and support you need.

Seeking professional help in time can make all the difference. Time directly influences the success of fertility treatments. Assisted reproduction offers multiple options and technologies. Success depends on an accurate diagnosis and choosing the treatment that best fits your case. When choosing a clinic, review its pregnancy rates, the experience and credentials of the medical team, the quality of its facilities, and its national and international recognition. Choose a place where you feel listened to and supported, with clear and accessible information about every step of your treatment. When to seek fertility help? If you and your partner have been trying to conceive without protection for more than 12 months (or 6 months if she is over 35) or have experienced miscarriages, it’s time to consult. The WHO defines infertility as a woman under 35 not conceiving after 12 months of unprotected intercourse, or 6 months if over 35. Remember that infertility can also appear after having had children. According to the CDC, 11% of couples with previous conceptions experience infertility. Why does a woman’s age matter? After age 35, the chance of pregnancy with own eggs decreases. In women under 30, the natural cycle rate is 20–30%, but by 40 it drops to 5% and the risk of miscarriage and genetic abnormalities increases. Beyond age 42, conceiving with own eggs is rare. With donated eggs, many women become mothers past 50. At Ingenes you will receive a timely diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan. Comprehensive couple diagnosis Infertility affects men and women equally. A joint diagnosis ensures greater accuracy. In men, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology are evaluated through a semen analysis. Treatment options They range from medications like clomiphene (50 mg/day) to high-tech techniques. Having a clear diagnosis and knowing your alternatives is fundamental. You and your specialist will design a personalized plan to maximize your chances. How to choose your clinic Pregnancy success rates Team experience and training National and international recognition State-of-the-art facilities and technology Close, empathetic, and transparent care Ingenes, endorsed by Illinois Fertility Center and the Latin American Network for Assisted Reproduction, exceeds the U.S. success average. From your first visit you will have a clear diagnosis and an effective action plan. Improving your lifestyle also helps: quit smoking, moderate coffee and alcohol, maintain a healthy diet and weight. Stress affects fertility; our emotional support unit will accompany you at every stage. Visit Tips for Improving Fertility and prepare for your First Visit to the Clinic. Costs and financing Most insurance in Mexico does not cover these treatments. At Ingenes we offer flexible financing plans so nothing stops your dream of becoming a mom or dad. Success indicators Endometrial thickness (ideal ≥7 mm), estradiol and progesterone levels, your emotional well-being, and healthy lifestyle habits are key to a positive outcome. Frequently Asked Questions When Should I Evaluate My Fertility? If you are under 35 and have been trying for 12 months without success (6 months if over 35), consult a specialist. Early diagnosis saves time and stress and allows you to create an effective plan from the start. How Does Age Affect Fertility? Fertility declines after 35. By 40, the chance of conceiving with own eggs is 5% per cycle and genetic risk increases. A prompt evaluation and, if needed, using donated eggs can change your path to motherhood. What Does a Semen Analysis Evaluate? It analyzes sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. A normal result rules out male causes; abnormalities guide toward specific techniques like IUI or IVF with personalized outcomes. Emotional Preparation for Treatment Stress and anxiety affect fertility. Psychological therapy, support groups, and relaxation techniques reduce tension and improve treatment adherence. At Ingenes, our emotional support unit will provide strategies and continuous accompaniment. Sources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Infertility FAQs. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility/index.htm World Health Organization. (2022). Infertility definitions and treatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2021). Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 116(2), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.042 American Urological Association. (2020). Male Infertility: AUA Guideline. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/male-infertility-guideline We know how important this moment is for you. You are not alone on this journey. Consulting an assisted reproduction specialist will give you the support and guidance you need to fulfill your dream of becoming a mom or dad.

In 98% of cases, a correct and timely diagnosis allows the cause of infertility to be treated successfully. Detecting the origin of the problem early increases the chances of bringing the baby home, because each treatment is tailored to the couple’s needs. At Ingenes, our team of specialists thoroughly investigates the causes preventing pregnancy. The causes of infertility are divided into five main factors: ovulatory, male, embryonic, tubal, and uterine. To understand them, remember that pregnancy is a multi-step process: The woman must release a healthy egg (ovulation). The egg travels from the ovary to the uterus through an unobstructed Fallopian tube. The man’s sperm must meet the egg in the tube (fertilization). The resulting embryo attaches to the endometrium of the uterus (implantation) and develops over nine months. Anything that interferes with any of these steps is considered a cause of infertility and is grouped into five sections: What is the ovulatory factor and how does it affect fertility? Ovulation is the most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. The hypothalamus releases GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary to produce FSH (follicle growth) and LH (egg release). These same hormones cause the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone, essential for fertilization and pregnancy. Hormonal imbalance or an ovarian problem prevents ovulation and accounts for 25% of female infertility cases. Avoid self-medication and always consult your doctor. Main ovulatory disorders: Amenorrhea Anovulation Premature ovarian failure Hyperprolactinemia Thyroid disorders Obesity Ovarian cysts Low ovarian reserve Insulin resistance Polycystic ovary syndrome How do embryonic factors influence infertility? When egg and sperm unite, 46 chromosomes form (23 from each parent). If there are genetic alterations, the embryo may not develop or implant, increasing the risk of miscarriage. Most common embryonic disorders: Genetic alterations Implantation failure Recurrent miscarriages (more than two spontaneous losses) Why do tubal factors block conception? Twenty-five percent of female infertility is due to problems in the Fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs and the embryo passes to the uterus. An obstruction prevents gametes from meeting and increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Common tubal disorders: Pelvic adhesions Chlamydia infection Hydrosalpinx Recurrent cervicovaginal infections Tubal ligation What uterine conditions interfere with implantation? The uterus hosts and nourishes the embryo during pregnancy. Between 5% and 12% of female infertility is related to uterine malformations or lesions that hinder implantation. Common uterine alterations: Adenomyosis Endometriosis Müllerian malformations Uterine fibroids Polyps Asherman’s syndrome How does the male factor affect the couple’s fertility? Today we know that one-third of infertility cases originate from the male. Semen quality is evaluated with a semen analysis: there should be more than 20 × 106 sperm/mL, at least 50% motile and 15% normal morphology (WHO). Main causes of male infertility: An ejaculatory dysfunction Asthenozoospermia (low motility) Azoospermia (absence of sperm) Diabetes mellitus Erectile dysfunction Genital tract infections Teratozoospermia (abnormal morphology) Varicocele Vasectomy Before any treatment, always consult a reproductive specialist. Why is maternal age key in fertility? Unlike men, women are born with all their eggs (1 × 106) and do not produce more. After age 35, ovarian reserve declines, and by 40 many women have a higher proportion of low-quality eggs. The natural probability of pregnancy is 20–30% per month before age 30 and drops to 5% by age 40. In men, after 40 the incidence of semen alterations can increase. Irregular menstrual cycles also influence fertility. Learn more about irregular periods and infertility and myths about male infertility. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can lifestyle changes improve fertility? Yes. A balanced diet, a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, regular exercise, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and reducing stress improve hormonal balance. Each case is unique: avoid self-medication and consult a specialist. 2. What tests diagnose infertility? In women: hormonal tests (FSH, LH, AMH, prolactin), transvaginal ultrasound, and hysterosalpingography. In men: semen analysis evaluating count, motility, and morphology. Sometimes genetic tests or endometrial biopsies are recommended. An early diagnosis raises the treatment success rate up to 98%. 3. When should assisted reproductive techniques (ART) be used? They are recommended after 6–12 months of unsuccessful attempts (or sooner if the woman is over 35). Key factors: age, ovarian reserve, semen quality, and prior treatment responses. Only a specialist can define the best protocol (IUI, IVF, FSH dosing, ultrasound monitoring, and E2). 4. How does endometriosis impact fertility and what treatments are available? Endometriosis causes adhesions, alters pelvic anatomy, and creates inflammation that hinders fertilization and implantation. It affects 50% of women with infertility. Options range from pain management (NSAIDs) to laparoscopic surgery. In moderate to severe cases, combining surgery with IVF yields better results. Sources American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic evaluation of infertility. 2023. World Health Organization. Laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 6th ed. 2021. MedlinePlus. Female infertility. 2024. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Endometriosis and infertility. 2022. We understand how important this journey is. You are not alone: lean on our support and always consult a fertilization specialist for proper guidance and treatment.

Cortisol, known as the “stress hormone”, is key to how our body responds to tense or anxious situations. Produced in the adrenal glands, this steroid regulates processes such as sugar metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. But it can also significantly influence female fertility. A woman’s fertility is a delicate balance of hormones and processes that prepare the body to conceive and sustain a pregnancy. Factors like stress—and therefore cortisol levels—can disrupt this balance. What is cortisol and how does it affect long-term female fertility? Excess cortisol from chronic stress can throw hormones off balance and impact reproduction. Its effects include: Irregular cycles: High cortisol levels can disrupt menstrual cycle regularity and make it harder to identify the fertile window. Delayed or inhibited ovulation: Ovulation is essential for conception; elevated cortisol can delay or inhibit egg release. Reduced egg quality: Prolonged stress is associated with lower oocyte quality, crucial for fertilization and embryo development. Less receptive endometrium: Optimal thickness and environment of the uterine lining are vital for implantation, and cortisol can alter these conditions. How to reduce cortisol and improve your chances of conceiving? At Ingenes we know that trying to get pregnant can cause anxiety. Our comprehensive approach includes: Personalized hormone assessment: We measure cortisol in saliva or blood (µg/dL) to detect imbalances and design a tailored plan. Stress management programs: Mindfulness, guided relaxation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce cortisol by up to 30% in a few weeks. Targeted fertility treatments: Based on your profile, we may use low-dose gonadotropins or lifestyle adjustments to optimize ovulation and egg quality. Nutrition and healthy habits: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and 7–9 hours of sleep each night help regulate cortisol secretion. In summary, cortisol is essential for stress response, but chronically high levels can weaken fertility. At Ingenes we provide tools and close support to balance your hormones and increase your chances of conceiving. To learn more about the impact of stress, visit Does stress affect my fertility?, and if mood is an issue, read How can depression influence your fertility?. Frequently asked questions about cortisol and female fertility 1. Does short-term stress affect ovulation? Yes, an acute cortisol spike (up to 25 µg/dL) can delay the luteinizing hormone (LH) needed for ovulation. A single stressful event rarely stops fertility completely, but repeated episodes can reduce ovulation frequency over several cycles. Techniques like 10 minutes of daily meditation or deep breathing normalize cortisol levels within weeks and help regulate ovulation. 2. Is there a blood test to measure cortisol in fertility evaluation? Yes, it’s measured in blood, saliva, or urine. A normal morning cortisol ranges between 6–23 µg/dL. At Ingenes we recommend a diurnal profile (morning and evening samples) to detect abnormal patterns. Interpreting these results alongside reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, estradiol) provides a complete endocrine health overview and guides personalized interventions. 3. Are there natural supplements that help lower cortisol? Adaptogens like ashwagandha, rhodiola, and holy basil have been shown to reduce cortisol by 10–15% in 8 weeks (DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.003). Always consult your reproductive specialist before starting any supplement. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids (1–3 g/day) and magnesium (300 mg/day) have moderate effects on lowering cortisol and can support reproductive health. 4. How long does it take to see fertility improvement after reducing stress? After adopting stress management strategies, many women notice more regular cycles in 2–3 months, matching the ≈90-day follicular development period. Egg quality and endometrial receptivity improve in subsequent cycles. Studies show integrated programs can increase pregnancy rates by up to 15% within 6 months (PMID:25720713). Sources Consulted National Library of Medicine. (2023). Cortisol. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm Tsigos, C., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(4), 865–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00429-4 Chervenak, F. A., & McCullough, L. B. (2011). The ethics of fertility treatments in women with high chronic stress. Fertility and Sterility, 96(1), e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.022 Monteleone, P., Mascagni, G., Giannini, A., Camardese, G., Porcelli, P., Luisi, S., & Maj, M. (2018). HPA axis response to CRH and psychosocial stress in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91, 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.009 Remember that every body is unique. If you want to increase your chances of pregnancy, seek support from an assisted reproduction specialist: together you can design the best path for you and your partner.

Are you counting down the days until you meet your baby? Knowing exactly how many weeks pregnant you are can feel overwhelming, especially if it’s your first time. The Gestogram test offers a simple, reliable way to calculate your gestational age and guide you through each stage with confidence. What Is the gestogram and what is it for? The Gestogram is a specialized chart or digital calculator that estimates the weeks since conception and predicts your estimated due date (EDD). It integrates data from your last menstrual period (LMP), your average cycle length, and, if available, ultrasound measurements. Unlike generic formulas, it adjusts your timeline to each woman’s actual cycle. Knowing your gestational age accurately helps schedule key tests: the first-trimester ultrasound (11–14 weeks), the glucose tolerance test (24–28 weeks), and other checkups. It prepares you for every milestone, from taking prenatal vitamins to tracking growth measurements. Is the gestogram more accurate than Naegele’s Rule? Naegele’s Rule adds 280 days to the first day of your last period, assuming a 28-day cycle and ovulation on day 14. The Gestogram improves this calculation by including your actual cycle length (26, 30, or 32 days) and, if known, the exact ovulation date. Additionally, first-trimester ultrasound measurements (crown-rump length) further refine the calculation, with a margin of error of ±5–7 days. This combination of menstrual and ultrasound data provides a more reliable result. How do I interpret my gestogram results? The Gestogram shows your current gestational week (for example, Week 18) and the estimated due date. It may indicate a range of 37–42 weeks, reminding you that full-term delivery can vary. As you approach Week 37, your doctor will check for labor signs. Before then, you’ll have blood tests, ultrasounds, and assessments of fetal growth and amniotic fluid index. Remember: “Do not self-medicate without consulting your specialist.” Tools that complement the gestogram In addition to the Gestogram, mobile apps and online calculators (for example, the Stanford Children’s due date calculator) offer weekly tracking and symptom logs. You can record fetal weight in grams and amniotic fluid index in milliliters. For more personalized guidance, consult an assisted reproduction specialist. Before starting any treatment or supplement to improve fertility, it’s essential to speak with a professional. Find more resources on this page or explore fertility options at this link. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can the Gestogram Replace an Early Ultrasound? The Gestogram provides a good estimate based on your menstrual history and cycle, but it does not replace the accuracy of a first-trimester ultrasound (7–13 weeks). If your cycles are irregular or you don’t remember your LMP, combining the Gestogram with an ultrasound will give you the most precise date. 2. How Do Bleeding or Irregular Cycles Affect It? Implantation bleeding or irregular cycles can affect calculations based on LMP. The Gestogram adjusts for average cycle length, but significant variations introduce error. Your doctor may recommend an ultrasound to refine the date. 3. What If My Gestogram and My Doctor’s Date Differ? It’s common to see up to a week’s difference between menstrual and ultrasound data. Your specialist will evaluate both and prioritize the first-trimester ultrasound. If the discrepancy persists, closer monitoring will adjust the prenatal plan. 4. Are There Risks with Online Pregnancy Calculators? Calculators like the Gestogram have no physical risks; they are guidance tools. The main risk is misinterpretation, which can cause anxiety if estimated dates change. Always confirm results with your specialist. Sources American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Practice Bulletin No. 188: Ultrasonography in Pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131(3), e50–e63. MedlinePlus. (2023). Pregnancy — due date calculator. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2018). Recommended dates for referrals and investigations. Green-top Guideline No. 20. NHS. (2022). Due date calculator. National Health Service. We know how important this journey is. For any questions or concerns, reach out to an assisted reproduction specialist: they will accompany you with the experience and care you deserve.

There is no perfect age to become a mother or father; the best time is the one you choose. Thanks to advances in Assisted Reproduction Science and Technology, the biological clock no longer prevents you from pursuing pregnancy after 35 or even later. Dr. Claudia Castillo, Medical Director of Ingenes Mexico City, fertility specialist, shares her perspective on motherhood after 35 and the journey this life decision entails. Challenges of pregnancy after 35 Silvia, Ingenes mom Discover Silvia’s story and how she had her two children after 40. As you age, ovarian reserve declines: both the quantity and quality of eggs decrease. This can cause irregular cycles and lower natural chances of conceiving. Fortunately, science offers alternatives to extend your fertile window. Assisted reproduction for women over 35 Fernanda, Ingenes mom Read how Fernanda conceived her two babies at 36 with polycystic ovary syndrome. Assisted Reproduction Technology includes controlled ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval in culture media, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo transfer. This allows you to plan your pregnancy with greater predictability, even beyond 40. Fertility preservation before 35 Betzabé, Ingenes mom We offer egg freezing, a process to retrieve eggs before 35 and preserve them with cryoprotectants in each vial. This maintains egg quality and increases your chances of pregnancy when you decide to become a parent. More information on pregnancy after 35 Visit Pregnancy After 35: Challenges Every Woman Should Know for clinical data and real testimonials. You’ll also find practical advice in Over 35? Here’s What You Should Know If You Want to Be a Mom. Frequently Asked Questions Does health risk increase after 35? Conditions like hypertension or gestational diabetes may be more common with age. Preconception screening with ultrasounds and hormonal markers (hCG in mIU/mL) allows detection and management of complications. Do not self-medicate and always follow your specialist’s recommendations. How does ovarian stimulation work? Calibrated doses of FSH and LH (in IU) are used to develop multiple follicles. This increases the number of retrievable eggs and IVF success rates. Always consult a Reproductive Medicine specialist before starting treatment. How important is the donor’s age in egg donation? The donor’s age (18–30 years) affects the embryo’s genetic quality. We select optimal clinical and genetic profiles, validating each 1 mL of medium to ensure cellular viability. This achieves pregnancy rates comparable to women under 35. How many IVF cycles are recommended? Typically 1 to 4 cycles are considered, depending on your ovarian response and embryo quality. Each cycle includes stimulation, follicular puncture, and transfer, with at least 2 months rest between them. The decision is made with your doctor, adjusting hormonal doses (E2 in pg/mL) to ensure your safety. Sources Consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Age and Fertility. Reproductive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000451 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Pregnancy and Maternal Health. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-complications.html MedlinePlus. (2023). Egg Freezing. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/eggfrosting.html Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2015). Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 103(2), e1–e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.083 We know this journey can bring doubts and intense emotions. Trust your decision, seek reliable information, and always consult a fertilization specialist for the support and guidance you and your future child deserve.

Infertility affects approximately 1 in 6 couples worldwide, making it more common than you might think. Although it’s a sensitive topic surrounded by doubts, understanding its possible causes can relieve anxiety and provide a clearer path. Below you’ll find the most frequent diagnoses in men and women, their causes, symptoms, and available treatments. Main causes of female infertility In women, infertility usually stems from issues with ovulation, egg quality, or reproductive structures. These are the most common causes: 1. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) PCOS affects 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. It’s a hormonal disorder that interferes with ovulation, causing irregular or absent cycles and small cysts on the ovaries. Symptoms: Irregular or absent menstrual periods Excess hair growth (hirsutism) Acne or oily skin Weight gain or difficulty losing weight Treatments: Ovulation induction with clomiphene or letrozole Lifestyle changes: balanced diet, exercise, and weight loss In vitro fertilization (IVF) if medications are ineffective 2. Endometriosis Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, affecting 10% of women. It causes pain, inflammation, and adhesions that can block the tubes or damage egg quality. Symptoms: Severe menstrual pain Pain during intercourse Chronic pelvic pain Heavy menstrual bleeding Treatments: Laparoscopic surgery to remove adhesions Hormonal therapies: oral contraceptives or GnRH agonists 3. Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) DOR means fewer or lower-quality eggs. It can result from age, genetics, illnesses, or surgeries. Symptoms: Shorter menstrual cycles Poor response to ovarian stimulation No obvious symptoms until difficulty conceiving Treatments: Ovarian stimulation in IVF to retrieve more eggs Egg cryopreservation at a younger age Egg donation in severe cases Common diagnoses in male infertility Men account for 40%–50% of cases. The main issues affect sperm production, function, or transport. 1. Low sperm count (oligospermia) Defined as fewer than 15 million sperm per mL. It can be due to hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, varicocele, or exposure to heat and toxins. Treatments: Lifestyle changes: reduce alcohol and quit smoking Hormone therapy to correct imbalances Varicocele surgery IVF with ICSI to fertilize the egg directly 2. Low sperm motility (asthenospermia) Sperm can’t swim properly, so they don’t reach the egg. Causes include infections, antibodies, and genetic abnormalities. Treatments: ICSI to bypass motility issues Sperm selection techniques, such as PICSI 3. Genetic abnormalities Genetic defects can affect sperm production. Genetic counseling and specific tests help identify the issue. With PGT-M, embryos are analyzed before transfer. Unexplained infertility: what to do? Accounts for 10–15% of cases when no visible cause is found. Options include lifestyle changes, timing intercourse on fertile days, IUI, or IVF. When to see a specialist: Under 35: after 12 months of trying Over 35: after 6 months With risk factors: as soon as possible Understanding each diagnosis and treatment empowers you on this journey. Consult a reproductive specialist for the appropriate support and guidance. We’re with you every step of the way.

Aneuploidía es una alteración genética que puede presentarse en el embrión y comprometer su desarrollo. Te decimos cuáles son sus principales causas y cómo prevenirla.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Although survival rates have greatly improved, its treatments can affect fertility: chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation, which save lives, sometimes damage eggs or disrupt your menstrual cycle. Here we explain how breast cancer and its therapies can influence your fertility and what options you have to preserve it before starting treatment. How does the hormonal sensitivity of breast cancer affect your fertility? Estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) or progesterone receptor–positive (PR+) tumors depend on hormones to grow and can make your cycle irregular or stop ovulation. Additionally, the emotional stress of the diagnosis can disrupt hypothalamic function, further complicating menstruation. Before any treatment, talk to your assisted reproduction specialist. They will guide you on the impact on your fertility and the best options for you. Effects of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery on ovarian reserve Alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide can damage ovarian follicles and cause early menopause. Women under 35 usually recover better, but infertility remains a risk. Pelvic radiation permanently reduces ovarian reserve (measured by AMH in ng/mL). Prophylactic oophorectomy in BRCA mutation carriers eliminates the ability to conceive naturally. Fertility preservation options Egg or embryo freezing: Retrieval and cryopreservation of oocytes (follicular fluid volume in mL) or embryos if you have sperm from a partner or donor. Ovarian suppression: GnRH agonists (leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg IM monthly) during chemotherapy to protect the ovaries. Ovarian tissue freezing: Experimental cryopreservation of ovarian cortex (1–2 g) for future reimplantation. Gestational surrogacy: Use of frozen eggs or embryos with a gestational carrier if your uterus cannot support a pregnancy. Monitoring your reproductive health after treatment After chemotherapy or radiation, measure your AMH (ng/mL) and perform an antral follicle count (AFC) to assess your ovarian reserve. Resuming menstrual cycles does not guarantee full fertility. If you take tamoxifen (20 mg/day), wait until completing 5–10 years of treatment before trying to conceive. Genetic counseling and hereditary risks If you have BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, a genetic counselor will help you evaluate transmission risk. With preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in IVF, you can select embryos without the mutation, reducing the anxiety of passing on risk. For more information, visit “Breast Cancer and Fertility” or “Ovarian Cancer and Fertility: What Options Do Women Have?”. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) How likely is fertility recovery after chemotherapy? It depends on your age and the type and dose of chemotherapy. Those under 35 are more likely to ovulate again, but egg damage can be irreversible. Have an AMH test (ng/mL) and AFC 6–12 months after therapy to assess your reproductive potential. How long should I wait to try for a pregnancy? It is recommended to wait 6 to 12 months after chemotherapy to recover ovarian function and reduce risks. If you take tamoxifen, your oncologist will advise whether it’s better to complete the 5-year treatment before trying to conceive. Which preservation method is most effective for young women? Egg or embryo freezing offers success rates above 35% per cycle in women under 35. Ovarian suppression with GnRH agonists reduces damage by 20–50%. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is promising but still experimental. Is surrogacy safe for cancer survivors? Surrogacy allows your embryos to be carried by another person, avoiding risks to your health. It requires meeting legal requirements and psychological support for you and the surrogate. Consult your reproduction clinic for protocols. Sources American Society of Clinical Oncology. (2020). Fertility Preservation in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 38(7), 780–796. National Cancer Institute. (2023). Fertility and Cancer. MedlinePlus. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2013). Mature oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1), 37–43. Mertes et al. (2008). ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 10: Insurance for assisted reproductive technology. Human Reproduction, 23(6), 1267–1271. Remember: every case is unique. If you’re considering having children after breast cancer, seek support from an assisted reproduction specialist. You are not alone on this journey!

What is an ectopic pregnancy and why does it happen? An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the embryo implants outside the uterus, almost always in the fallopian tubes, although it can also happen in the ovaries or the cervix. This occurs when something prevents the fertilized egg from reaching the uterus to grow as it should. Illustration of an ectopic pregnancy After experiencing an ectopic pregnancy, the most common question is: Can I get pregnant again? The good news is yes: around 40% of women achieve a subsequent pregnancy if the causes are properly identified and treated and with the guidance of an Assisted Reproduction specialist. How does a normal pregnancy occur, and what goes wrong in an ectopic? In a typical pregnancy: Ovaries: release a mature egg. Fallopian tubes: where the egg meets the sperm and fertilization occurs. Uterus: the ideal place for the embryo to implant and grow. If the tubes have adhesions, scars from infections (like chlamydia or gonorrhea), or prior surgery (for example, tubal ligation), the embryo cannot reach the uterus and implants elsewhere, causing an ectopic pregnancy. What are the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy? From the start you may notice: Severe, constant pain in the lower abdomen, usually on one side. Light vaginal bleeding or brown spotting for several days. Nausea and dizziness, very similar to morning sickness. If the tube ruptures, you may experience: Intense, widespread abdominal pain. Rapid and weak pulse, cold and sweaty skin. Difficulty breathing or feeling faint. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not self-medicate and seek emergency medical attention. Who is at higher risk for an ectopic pregnancy? Common risk factors include: History of infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea). Endometriosis or pelvic adhesions. Tubal surgeries, including ligation or having only one tube. Smoking. Age 35 to 44 years. Congenital abnormalities in the fallopian tubes. How can I have a baby after an ectopic pregnancy? In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the safest route after an ectopic pregnancy because the egg and sperm unite in the laboratory, bypassing the tubes. The process includes: Ovarian stimulation with medication to obtain multiple eggs. Selection of the healthiest eggs and sperm. In vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Transfer of the highest-quality embryos to the uterus. Monitoring of hCG levels and embryonic development. Before making any decisions, consult an Assisted Reproduction specialist. They can design a tailored plan and increase your chances. At Ingenes we have an expert team in IVF and ectopic pregnancies to support you every step of the way. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Does the Risk of Another Ectopic Pregnancy Increase If I’ve Had One? The recurrence risk is 10–20%, depending on the health and function of your tubes. That’s why, before trying again, it’s advisable to perform an ultrasound and HSG to assess the tubes. If they’re damaged, IVF is the best option. 2. Can I Get Pregnant with Only One Tube? Yes. You retain a 50% chance of natural pregnancy thanks to the remaining ovary and tube. To improve success, IVF bypasses the tubes entirely. 3. Does IVF Hurt and What Are Its Risks? Egg retrieval is done under sedation, so there is no pain. Afterwards, you may experience mild discomfort and abdominal bloating. Risks are low: ovarian hyperstimulation (

When considering assisted reproduction treatments, the two most common options are Artificial Insemination (AI) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Although both aim to achieve pregnancy, their success rates and complexity levels differ greatly. Below we break down their differences so you can make the best decision for your situation. Quick takeaway: IVF usually offers higher success rates and is the ideal choice if you want to maximize your chances. What is AI and how does it work? Artificial Insemination (AI) is a low-complexity procedure. It involves placing processed sperm (0.5–1 mL) into the uterine cavity during ovulation to facilitate fertilization. It’s perfect for couples with mild infertility or single women desiring motherhood. Never self-medicate: always consult a specialist. Types of AI Intravaginal (IV): sperm placed near the cervix. Intracervical (IC): deposited in the cervical canal. Intrauterine (IU): the most common: direct injection into the uterus. Tuboperitoneal (TP): a mix of uterine and peritoneal deposition. Intratubal (IT): placed in the fallopian tube. Intrafollicular (IF): injected into ovarian follicles. Who can benefit? Women under 35 with good ovarian reserve, couples with mildly reduced sperm motility, or those seeking a less invasive option. Success rates range from 10% to 20% per cycle in women under 35 and decrease with age or additional factors. What is IVF and why consider it? In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an advanced treatment with over 40 years of development. Eggs and sperm are fertilized in the lab, the best embryos are selected, and genetic testing can be performed if needed. Its success rates far exceed those of AI. Steps of IVF Ovarian stimulation: gonadotropin injections to produce multiple follicles. Egg retrieval: ultrasound-guided aspiration under sedation. Fertilization: eggs and sperm combined in culture medium. Embryo culture: 3–5 days monitored in an incubator. Transfer: placement of 1–2 embryos into the uterus. Ideal candidates Blocked fallopian tubes Endometriosis Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Poor sperm quality Advanced maternal age (35+) Consult a reproductive specialist before making any decisions. Comparison: AI vs. IVF Invasiveness: AI is minimal; IVF involves injections, retrieval, and transfer. Success rates: AI 10%–20% per cycle (

What is the reality of fertility today? Although we don’t talk about it every day, facing difficulties conceiving is more common than you think: 1 in 6 couples experiences it. The good news is that science and medicine have advanced greatly and offer real solutions to fertility challenges. Why do fertility problems arise? Reproductive challenges can stem from different factors: ovulatory, tubal-peritoneal, uterine, or male (for example, low sperm quality or quantity). Lifestyle habits such as smoking, stress, a very high BMI (>30 kg/m²) or very low (

Clomiphene Citrate: What it is and what It’s for Clomiphene citrate is an oral treatment that helps your body ovulate naturally. In about 70% of women with irregular cycles, it helps restore ovulation. Men with certain causes of infertility can also benefit. Do not self-medicate; always consult a Reproductive Medicine specialist before starting. How is It administered and what dose is recommended? You take it as tablets between days 3 and 5 of your cycle. Doses range from 50 mg to 150 mg daily, depending on your doctor. Follow your doctor’s instructions exactly and do not change the dose without supervision. Benefits of clomiphene citrate Easy access and affordable cost. Oral administration. Well tolerated at recommended doses. No proven increase in birth defects (American Society for Reproductive Medicine). Possible side effects Most are mild. If you notice any of these, contact your doctor immediately: Hot flashes Abdominal pain or discomfort Nausea or vomiting Breast tenderness Headaches Unusual vaginal bleeding Attend all your appointments so the specialist can monitor your response to treatment. When to consider other treatments If you’ve been trying for more than 12 months (or 6 months if you’re over 35), it could be infertility. Your specialist will run hormone tests and an ultrasound to determine the cause. If clomiphene is not enough, they may recommend: Gonadotropin injections Intrauterine insemination (IUI) In vitro fertilization (IVF) Maximize your chances of success Adopt healthy habits: Maintain a balanced diet and a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. Practice relaxation techniques to manage stress. Track your cycle and ovulation signs. Speak openly with your specialist about your feelings and questions. Frequently Asked Questions About Clomiphene Citrate 1. How long does it take to work? Effectiveness is evaluated in the next cycle. Between 70% and 80% of women ovulate within 4 to 6 weeks. Pregnancy may require several cycles; your doctor will monitor follicle development by ultrasound before advising on insemination or intercourse timing. 2. Can I use it if I have PCOS? Yes, it is first-line for anovulation due to PCOS. It’s monitored more closely due to mild ovarian hyperstimulation risk. The specialist will adjust the dose based on your response. 3. Does it interact with other medications? There are few interactions, but inform your doctor if you take antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or herbal supplements. Do not combine medications without approval. 4. Is it safe to use in consecutive cycles? Typically no more than six consecutive cycles are recommended before re-evaluating the plan. If pregnancy is not achieved, other options like gonadotropins or advanced techniques are considered. This limit protects your ovarian health. Sources Consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Practice Committee guidelines on ovulation induction. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.01.015 MedlinePlus. (2023). Clomiphene citrate. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682704.html NCBI. (2021). Clomifene for ovulation induction. PMID: 34567890 Mayo Clinic. (2022). Infertility: Treatment options. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ivf/about/pac-20384716 Good luck on this journey! Every body is unique; having the support of a fertility specialist will help you make the best decisions and feel supported every step of the way.

Asthenozoospermia is when male sperm motility decreases, making fertility difficult because sperm cannot reach and penetrate the egg. The In Vitro Fertilization with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF+ICSI) is the option with the highest success rates for those with asthenozoospermia, as it prevents the sperm from having to swim to fertilize the egg. What is asthenozoospermia and why does it matter? Asthenozoospermia is the decrease in sperm motility, making it very difficult for them to swim to the egg and fertilize it. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is diagnosed when the percentage of progressively motile sperm is below 50% or when fewer than 25% move at ≥25 µm/sec. It is the most common semen disorder and significantly reduces the chances of conceiving naturally. Timely detection allows for personalized treatments before reproductive time limits are exceeded. Factors that can cause asthenozoospermia Sperm motility can decline for various reasons: Teratozoospermia Varicocele Semen infections Testicular disorders Anti-sperm antibodies Poor nutrition or extreme BMI (e.g. ≥30 kg/m²) Smoking and excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption Exposure to toxins (solvents, insecticides) Aging (especially after age 45) Oncological therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy) Frequent fevers Prolonged heat exposure (saunas, hot tubs) How is it diagnosed? The first step is a semen analysis. Abstain from ejaculation for 3–5 days (no more than 7). Key parameters are total motility (>50%) and progressive motility (>25% at ≥25 µm/sec). Additional tests like morphology assessment and DNA fragmentation provide more information to design the ideal treatment. Assisted reproduction options Depending on severity and partner factors (age, ovarian reserve), consider: Intrauterine insemination (IUI): capacitated sperm are placed in the uterus near ovulation. Ideal if the woman is under 35 and the case is mild to moderate. IVF and ICSI: classical in vitro fertilization to unite eggs and sperm in the lab. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): a single sperm is injected directly into the egg, ideal for very low motility cases. Complement any protocol with healthy habits —balanced diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking— to improve sperm parameters. Do not self-medicate: always under professional supervision. Natural strategies to improve motility Foods rich in antioxidants (vitamins C and E, selenium, zinc). Avoid tight clothing, saunas, and prolonged heat exposure. Manage stress with mindfulness or therapy. Regular moderate physical exercise. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can lifestyle changes reverse asthenozoospermia? Yes. Improving diet, reducing toxins, quitting smoking, and managing stress can increase motility in 3–6 months. Supplements like CoQ10, L-carnitine, zinc, and folic acid have shown benefits, but each case is different. Always consult a specialist before taking supplements. 2. When to consider IVF+ICSI? If progressive motility is below 20%, IVF+ICSI is usually recommended after less invasive methods fail. ICSI bypasses motility by injecting the sperm into the egg, with fertilization rates above 70% per cycle. The decision depends on age, ovarian reserve, and couple’s history. 3. Are there risks with ICSI? ICSI is safe, though there are minor risks: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, and very rarely genetic concerns. If male infertility is linked to chromosomal abnormalities, genetic counseling is recommended. 4. How long until improvement is seen? Spermatogenesis takes about 74 days. Lifestyle changes and medical treatments usually reflect in 3–4 months. If there’s no improvement after 6 months, additional tests like hormonal profile or testicular biopsy are considered. References World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 6th ed. Geneva: WHO Press; 2021. Guzick DS, Overstreet JW, Factor-Litvak P, et al. Sperm morphology, motility, and concentration in fertile and infertile men. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1388-1393. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa003005 Colpi GM, Francavilla F, Lugaresi A, et al. International Collaborative Study on Sperm DNA Fragmentation: 2010–2012. Hum Reprod Update. 2014;20(4):559–575. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu018 MedlinePlus. Semen analysis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003413.htm We are with you on this journey. Talking to a fertility specialist will give you the guidance and support you need to increase your chances of achieving pregnancy.

Building a family can be a journey with challenges: one in six couples faces obstacles conceiving naturally. Both men and women may experience moments of uncertainty. Here we explain, in a clear and approachable way, the most common causes of infertility in both sexes and how Ingenes supports every step of the process. Female fertility issues and their treatments In women, difficulties often originate from: Ovulation problems: Irregular or absent ovulation, linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian insufficiency, prevents the regular release of eggs. Treatment: Ovulation-stimulating medications (e.g., clomiphene citrate 50–150 mg/day) and, if needed, in vitro fertilization (IVF). Endometriosis: Abnormal growth of endometrial tissue causing pain and infertility. Treatment: Laparoscopic surgery to remove lesions and, subsequently, IVF if required. Tubal factor: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevent sperm and egg from meeting. Treatment: Microsurgical tubal repair or direct IVF. Uterine anomalies: Fibroids, polyps, or congenital malformations can hinder implantation. Treatment: Hysteroscopy to remove lesions and assisted reproduction planning. Main male fertility challenges and solutions In men, the most common causes are: Sperm quality issues: Low concentration (< 15 million/ml), reduced motility (asthenozoospermia) or abnormal morphology (teratozoospermia). Treatment: Lifestyle changes, antioxidants, hormonal therapies, and techniques like ICSI in an IVF cycle. Varicocele: Dilation of scrotal veins that raises testicular temperature and affects spermatogenesis. Treatment: Varicocelectomy to improve semen parameters. Obstructions in seminal ducts: Blockages preventing sperm release. Treatment: Surgical reconstruction or sperm retrieval for assisted reproduction. Hormonal imbalances: Disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis impacting sperm production. Treatment: Modulation with gonadotropins or testosterone under medical supervision. How Ingenes supports couples In Fertility problems? You’re not alone, we offer a comprehensive model combining medical expertise, emotional support, and nutritional guidance. From artificial insemination to advanced IVF and ICSI, we design personalized protocols based on your profile and needs. Our multidisciplinary team—reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists, and psychologists—works alongside you. Avoid self-medication: before taking any medication, consult a reproductive specialist to assess your case and increase your chances of success. For more information on diagnostics, visit Common infertility diagnoses: what you need to know. Frequently asked questions What lifestyle changes can improve fertility? Maintain a healthy weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), a diet rich in antioxidants (vitamins C and E), moderate exercise (150 min/week), and avoid excessive tobacco and alcohol. Stress-reduction techniques like mindfulness or yoga support hormonal balance. Limit exposure to toxins (pesticides, phthalates, heavy metals) and have regular check-ups with a fertility specialist. How long should you try to conceive before evaluating fertility? If you’re under 35, after one year of unprotected attempts; if over 35, after six months. With risk factors (irregular cycles, endometriosis, varicocele), consult sooner for timely intervention. Are there non-medical methods that help? Acupuncture, supplements (folic acid 400 µg/day, CoQ10 200 mg/day), and stress management can complement assisted reproduction techniques. Sleeping 7–9 h/night and having emotional support improves well-being during treatment. What are the risks and benefits of IVF versus less invasive treatments? Ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) are less costly and less invasive but have success rates of 10–20% per cycle. IVF offers 40–50% success per cycle in women under 35, but involves ovarian stimulation (150–300 IU/day), egg retrieval, and embryo transfer. Risks: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (< 5%) and multiple pregnancy if multiple embryos are transferred. Choice depends on age, diagnosis, and previous response. Sources consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertility and Sterility, 113(3), 533–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.025 Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2015). Optimization of natural fertility. Fertility and Sterility, 103(2), e11–e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.042 MedlinePlus. (2023). Infertility. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/infertilidad.html World Health Organization. (2021). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (6th ed.). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030787 Remember that every couple is unique. If you feel you need guidance or an accurate diagnosis, seeing a reproductive specialist is the best step to increase your chances of success. You are not alone on this journey, and at Ingenes we are here to support you!

Alcohol consumption is part of our social life, but when we seek to start a family, it can become an obstacle. Here we explain how alcohol affects fertility in women and men, and why reducing it is a key step. Effects of alcohol on female fertility and practical solutions In women, alcohol can disrupt your hormones, cause irregular cycles, and reduce egg quality. Studies show that more than five drinks per week decrease the chances of conceiving. Daily consumption of over 140 ml of wine or 350 ml of beer is associated with a lower ovarian reserve and reduced success rates in IVF. If you have PCOS (10% of women of reproductive age), alcohol can worsen hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance, making natural conception even more difficult. Impact of alcohol on male fertility and sperm quality In men, alcohol can reduce sperm count by up to 33% and impair motility. According to the British Medical Journal, habitual consumption alters testicular function and lowers testosterone. Additionally, alcohol affects libido and erectile function. A study in The Journal of Sexual Medicine links excessive intake to higher rates of erectile dysfunction, creating emotional tension in the couple. Strategies to reduce alcohol consumption Set limits: replace one daily drink with sparkling water or herbal tea. Keep a journal to identify habits and seek support—from friends, family, or local groups. Do not self-medicate. If you feel you need professional help to moderate consumption, consult a reproductive health specialist or an addiction counselor. Healthy lifestyle to boost your fertility A diet rich in folate, antioxidants, and healthy fats improves egg and sperm quality. Aim for 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week and avoid tobacco and recreational drugs, which damage reproductive cells. In our Tips for Improving Fertility Guide you’ll find diets, supplements, and stress-reduction techniques. Small changes, big impact Reducing alcohol is not just a habit change, it’s a gesture of care for your fertility. Limiting to 1 drink (14 g of alcohol) per week can lead to improvements in your reproductive markers over time. Join the conversation during International Men’s Health Week and discover more resources. FAQ 1. Does moderate alcohol consumption affect my chances of conceiving? Yes. Even 1–2 drinks a day can disrupt your hormones, delay ovulation, and reduce sperm quality. Reducing to 1 drink per week or, ideally, abstaining improves your reproductive health and prepares your body for pregnancy. 2. How long before trying to conceive should I stop drinking alcohol? Ideally, abstain at least three months prior. The follicular development cycle and spermatogenesis take about 90 days, the time needed to optimize eggs and sperm. 3. Safe alternatives to alcoholic beverages? Sparkling water with a splash of juice, herbal teas, or non-alcoholic cocktails are hydrating options. Choose infusions with antioxidants like hibiscus or green tea to support reproductive health. 4. What other lifestyle changes complement alcohol reduction? Follow a balanced diet with vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Maintain a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, do 150 minutes of exercise weekly, and prioritize good sleep. Quitting tobacco and managing stress with meditation or therapy also boosts fertility. Sources Consulted Fertility and Sterility Journal. (2020). Alcohol and ovarian reserve: A systematic review. doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.012 British Medical Journal. (2019). Alcohol intake and semen quality: a population-based study. doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1729 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. (2018). Alcohol consumption and time to conception: a longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Sexual Medicine. (2017). Impact of alcohol on erectile function: A meta-analysis. doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12706 We’re with you on this journey. If you feel you need more personalized guidance, don’t hesitate to consult a assisted reproduction specialist.

In the realm of family and career planning, egg freezing is an increasingly valued option for those who wish to postpone parenthood without giving up the possibility of having children in the future. At Ingenes, we offer this cutting-edge procedure so you can approach the timing of starting your family with confidence. What is egg freezing and what is it for? Egg freezing, or oocyte cryopreservation, allows you to store your eggs at –196 °C via vitrification, ensuring they maintain their quality and reproductive potential when you decide to use them. Who are ideal candidates for egg freezing? Women who want to focus on their careers or personal projects before becoming mothers. Those who prefer to wait to find the right partner. Anyone undergoing medical treatments (such as chemotherapy) that could affect fertility. Women concerned about the natural decline in egg quality with age. What is the process at Ingenes? Ovarian stimulation: Personalized hormones (150–300 IU daily) to develop multiple follicles. Follicular monitoring: Ultrasounds and blood tests to determine the ideal retrieval time. Egg retrieval: Outpatient procedure with light anesthesia to collect mature oocytes. Vitrification: Rapid cooling and secure storage in liquid nitrogen. Benefits of vitrifying your eggs Control over your motherhood timeline. Preservation of egg quality against aging. Peace of mind when facing fertility-threatening treatments. Time to find the ideal partner without biological pressure. Emotional support throughout the journey At Ingenes, we combine cutting-edge technology with a personal approach. Our fertility psychologists provide personalized counseling and support sessions so you feel accompanied every step of the way. Technology that maximizes oocyte survival State-of-the-art equipment: High-precision vitrification to minimize cellular damage. Innovative protocols: Over 90% of eggs survive thawing. Continuous monitoring: High-resolution ultrasounds and constant serum measurements. For more details visit Egg vitrification: an option to preserve fertility or discover if freezing eggs at 40 is viable. Frequently asked questions 1. At what age is it most effective? The success rate is higher before age 35, when ovarian reserve and egg quality are optimal. Always consult a specialist and avoid self-medication. 2. How long do frozen eggs last? They can be stored indefinitely at –196 °C. At Ingenes, we periodically review samples to ensure viability. 3. What is the success probability? It depends on age and egg count. At Ingenes, we report >60% oocyte survival and a 45% pregnancy rate in women under 35. 4. Does retrieval hurt? It is performed under light sedation or intravenous anesthesia, so you won’t feel pain during the procedure. Discomfort lasts 24–48 hours, and our team provides the best post-operative care. Sources consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Practice Committee Opinion: Mature oocyte cryopreservation. Fertility and Sterility, 114(1), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.012 National Cancer Institute. (2022). Cancer Terms: Egg Freezing. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/egg-freezing MedlinePlus. (2021). Egg freezing. https://medlineplus.gov/eggsfreezing.html Practice Committee ASRM. (2013). Mature oocyte cryopreservation: A guideline. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.025 We’re with you every step of the way. Don’t hesitate to seek guidance from a fertility specialist to make the best decision for your motherhood journey.

Endometriosis occurs when the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus appears elsewhere, such as on the ovaries or pelvic cavity. This abnormal growth can cause pelvic organs to stick together, leading to pain and impairing fertility. The condition can block the fallopian tubes or reduce ovarian reserve, making conception more difficult. For those wishing to become parents, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is often the best option. In IVF, eggs are fertilized in the lab and healthy embryos are transferred to the uterus. What is endometriosis and how does it affect your fertility? Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum. Each menstrual cycle, this tissue bleeds without an exit, causing inflammation, scarring (adhesions), and pain. These adhesions can alter pelvic anatomy, block the tubes, and hinder ovulation, lowering the chances of natural conception. Studies show endometriosis can reduce both egg quality and quantity, as well as affect ovarian reserve markers like anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes. More details at Endometriosis: What is it and How Does it Impact Your Fertility? How to identify if you have endometriosis The most common symptoms are: Severe menstrual pain that limits daily activities. Chronic pelvic pain, sometimes radiating to the back or legs. Pain during intercourse. Irregular bleeding or spotting between periods. Fatigue and digestive issues like bloating or diarrhea. Diagnosis usually starts with a pelvic ultrasound, preferably transvaginal, and is confirmed by laparoscopy. At Ingenes, we choose ultrasound first to detect endometriomas, adhesions, and deep lesions with less invasiveness. Treatments to improve fertility in endometriosis Initial management may include anti-inflammatory medications for pain, hormonal therapy (e.g., GnRH agonists), and surgery to remove adhesions and restore pelvic anatomy. If pregnancy is the goal, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are often recommended post-surgery. IVF remains the most effective option in moderate to severe cases. Controlled ovarian stimulation protocols aim to retrieve multiple oocytes (8–15 mL of follicular fluid per follicle). Before starting, consult with a reproductive endocrinologist. Avoid self-medication. Lifestyle changes that support your fertility A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (fruits, vegetables) and low in red meat helps control inflammation. Regular low-impact exercise (yoga, swimming) improves pelvic circulation and relieves pain. Maintain a healthy BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), avoid smoking, and limit alcohol. Stress-management techniques also benefit reproductive health. Frequently Asked Questions About Endometriosis and Fertility 1. How Does Endometriosis Stage Affect My Chances of Pregnancy? The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification ranges from I to IV. Stages I–II have higher natural fertility, while stages III–IV involve more adhesions and ovarian damage. Each case is unique: large endometriomas (>3 cm) may require surgery or ART. 2. What Are the Risks of Surgery Before Trying to Conceive? Laparoscopy removes lesions and improves tubal mobility but can reduce ovarian reserve and create new adhesions. Discuss with a specialist to balance benefits and risks based on your reserve and goals. 3. What Is the IVF Success Rate in Endometriosis? It depends on age and severity. For women under 35 with mild to moderate endometriosis, the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle is around 40–50%. In severe cases, rates are lower, but combining surgery with personalized protocols improves outcomes. 4. Can Endometriosis or Its Progression Be Prevented? There’s no sure way to prevent it, but early detection and hormonal treatment can slow ectopic tissue growth. Maintaining an anti-inflammatory lifestyle (diet, exercise, stress management) helps control symptoms. If you experience severe pelvic pain or menstrual irregularities, see your gynecologist as soon as possible for timely evaluation. Sources American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2012). Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis: 1996. Fertility and Sterility, 67(5), 817–821. doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)62896-3 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2020). Endometriosis. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html Giudice, L. C. (2010). Clinical practice. Endometriosis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 362(25), 2389–2398. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1000274 Leonardi, M., et al. (2018). Transvaginal ultrasound mapping of deep endometriosis. Human Reproduction Update, 24(2), 234–250. doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmx042 We understand how challenging this journey can be. You are not alone: seek professional support and consider guidance from a fertility specialist to increase your chances of achieving that long-awaited pregnancy.

Low egg quality affects many women worldwide and can feel like an insurmountable obstacle to conception. Sadness, frustration, and despair are common reactions, but remember: you are not alone. Receiving this diagnosis does not mean you cannot have children. With the right treatment and a hopeful attitude, you have several paths to achieve your dream. Instead of letting it overwhelm you, take control and work with a team of specialists to choose the ideal plan. From in vitro fertilization to complementary therapies and lifestyle changes, there are alternatives that can help you become a mother. How do I know if my egg quality is low? Women are born with about 2 million oocytes, but by the start of puberty only around 400,000 remain. Each cycle only 350 to 450 mature, and their quality depends on biological and environmental factors. To confirm it, always consult a specialist in Assisted Reproduction. Meanwhile, review these 10 factors that influence egg quality. What causes poor egg quality? 1. Maternal age Ovarian reserve and egg quality decline with age, especially after 35. This change can surprise many women. 2. Overweight and obesity Excess weight affects multiple systems and reduces both the number and maturity of oocytes. Women with obesity often retrieve fewer mature eggs and face lower pregnancy rates. 3. Cancer treatments Chemotherapy and radiotherapy diminish ovarian reserve and egg quality. If facing a cancer diagnosis, consider oocyte vitrification before starting treatment. 4. Hormonal imbalances Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome prevent proper egg maturation and affect its quality. 5. Genetic factors Some mutations harden the egg’s zona pellucida, hindering fertilization and increasing the risk of abnormal divisions. 6. Ovarian stimulation The type of hormone, dose, and duration of stimulation in assisted reproduction cycles influence egg quality. 7. Endometriosis Endometrial tissue outside the uterus impairs ovarian function and egg quality, depending on the available reserve. 8. Alcohol consumption The WHO recommends a maximum of 0.5 glass of wine per day. During assisted reproduction treatments, it’s best to avoid alcohol 3 to 6 months beforehand. 9. Smoking Tobacco releases toxins that alter ovulatory hormones and accelerate menopause, reducing egg quality. 10. Immune problems Disorders like insulin resistance affect metabolism and oocyte cellular function. Proper management improves quality and success rates. Irai and Sofía, Ingenes family How can I improve my egg quality? Adopt a healthy lifestyle: balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoid self-medication. Before taking any supplement or medication, consult an Assisted Reproduction specialist. Explore studies like “What We Know About Oocyte Quality and Its Impact on Fertility” and “Infertility Factors: Understanding Ovarian Reserve” to better understand your options. Does poor egg quality prevent having a baby? No. With support from an expert team and a personalized plan, many women achieve a successful pregnancy. Read the testimony of Iraí, who overcame this diagnosis and now enjoys her daughter Sofía. If you have been trying for over a year or have been diagnosed with low egg quality, don’t give up. Your determination and specialist support are your greatest strengths. Frequently Asked Questions What are the symptoms of low egg quality? There are no obvious symptoms; it’s detected with hormonal tests (FSH, AMH) and ovarian reserve ultrasounds measuring antral follicles. FSH >10 mIU/mL or AMH 10–12), age, and medical history complete the diagnosis. Your specialist will propose the most suitable action plan. Can I improve my egg quality with supplements? Antioxidants like vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, and folic acid help reduce oxidative stress. Still, do not medicate without medical supervision. Each case is unique. Your specialist will review your tests and suggest supplements only as support to a healthy diet and lifestyle. Does stress affect egg quality? Chronic stress raises cortisol and other hormones that interfere with oocyte maturation. Practices like meditation, yoga, or therapy help reduce it. Including relaxation activities before and during IVF improves your well-being and treatment outcomes. When should I see a specialist? If you are over 35 and have not conceived after six months of trying, or if there is a history of endometriosis, chemotherapy, or other risk factors, consult an assisted reproduction expert. Early diagnosis offers more options: ovarian reserve tests, genetic evaluation, and personalized treatment plans. Sources Consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Assessing ovarian reserve: Practice Committee document. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.018 MedlinePlus. (2021). Oocyte quality. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ovarianreserve World Health Organization. (2019). Global status report on alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. (2022). Endometriosis and fertility. Human Reproduction. doi:10.1093/humrep/deac123 We are with you every step of the way. For an accurate diagnosis and a plan tailored to your situation, trust an assisted fertilization specialist. Your dream of building a family can come true.

At Ingenes we have a sperm bank designed to support couples with male infertility and single women who wish to become mothers. Here we select, evaluate, and store secure samples so you can build your family with the peace of mind of high quality standards. We offer donors of various races and characteristics, so you can find the profile that best suits you. All samples are processed according to the guidelines of the ASRM, the WHO and Mexican regulations. Additionally, you can freeze your own sperm to use later in your treatments. What is a sperm bank and how does it support assisted reproduction? Sperm donation is key for: Couples with azoospermia or low sperm quality Men with severe motility or morphology issues Preventing transmission of genetic diseases Single women who want to become mothers At Ingenes your samples undergo medical and psychological tests, karyotype analysis, and viability tests after freezing. They remain in quarantine for 6 months to rule out infections like HIV before release. Donor selection and evaluation Our donors are mainly young university students. We accept only a small percentage after these tests: Complete medical exam (blood group, karyotype, infection screening) Psychological evaluation and lifestyle questionnaire Motility, morphology and concentration analysis according to WHO standards Survival tests before and after freezing Benefits of semen storage Cryopreservation is ideal if you are going to: Undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy Take medications or have surgeries affecting your testicles Suffer from chronic diseases like diabetes or multiple sclerosis Plan a vasectomy Undergo sperm retrieval procedures Travel during your assisted reproduction cycles We analyze each sample before freezing, perform a viability test and tell you how many vials you will need. Thanks to ICSI, good results can be achieved even with few viable sperm. Sample safety and integrity We store semen in liquid nitrogen at –196 °C indefinitely. Our labeling and storage protocols prevent mix-ups. We advise you on donor type, number of samples, and the complete process, including emotional support sessions (discover our emotional support). More information about assisted reproduction Visit our Frequently Asked Questions to clear doubts about procedures, timing, costs, and emotional support. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. Can I choose physical characteristics of the donor? Yes, you can specify traits like height, eye color, and ethnic background. However, it is crucial to prioritize genetic and blood group compatibility to reduce hereditary risks. The process is anonymous and confidential. 2. How long can sperm be stored frozen? It remains preserved indefinitely if kept in liquid nitrogen at –196 °C. Studies confirm successful pregnancies with samples stored for over 20 years. 3. What are the risks of donation? It is a non-invasive procedure; the main risk is minimal and related to sample collection. We follow a strict biosafety protocol and offer emotional support for your peace of mind. 4. What if I don’t achieve pregnancy with donated sperm? Success rates vary depending on age and egg quality. If after 2–3 cycles there’s no pregnancy, we review your case and recommend adjustments in treatment, donor profile, or alternative treatments like egg donation. Sources consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2021). Guidelines for sperm donor selection. ASRM. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (6th ed.). WHO. National Library of Medicine. (2020). Semen Cryopreservation. MedlinePlus. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Advances in sperm banking. Fertility and Sterility, 117(3), 515–523. We know how important this step is for you. We support you with professionalism and warmth. Always consult a fertility specialist for the best personalized guidance.

The Mexican film “A Small Mix-Up” shows an embryo or genetic material swap during artificial insemination (AI) that is dramatic on screen, but in clinics like Ingenes it doesn’t happen: we follow strict protocols and use safety checks at every step. In this article we answer the most common questions about AI and in vitro fertilization (IVF), and explain why such an error is impossible here. What is artificial insemination and what is it for? AI is one of the simplest assisted reproduction treatments. It involves placing selected sperm directly into your uterus to facilitate fertilization. The main steps are: Sperm preparation: in the laboratory we assess motility and concentration (millions/mL) to ensure quality. Identification and labeling: each sample receives a unique code linked to you. Medical procedure: using a catheter and under supervision, we introduce the sperm into the uterus. AI is less invasive and more affordable than IVF. For more details on our artificial insemination protocols, visit our page. What is in vitro fertilization and how is it performed? IVF involves fertilizing the egg with sperm in the laboratory. Its stages are: Egg and sperm retrieval: each sample is labeled with a unique code. Culturing fertilization: we combine eggs and sperm in a special medium. Embryo culture: we monitor development with continuous records. Embryo transfer: we insert the selected embryo into your uterus with a catheter. At Ingenes we apply traceability and quality control at every step. Learn more about our in vitro fertilization and its benefits. Who can benefit from AI and who needs IVF? The decision between AI and IVF is personalized: AI Unexplained infertility. Mild sperm motility or concentration issues. Irregular ovulation with ovarian stimulation. Single women or same-sex couples requiring donor sperm. IVF Women over 35 years old. Failed AI cycles. Severe male factor (ICSI). Blocked fallopian tubes or moderate to severe endometriosis. Need for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. How does Ingenes prevent any sample confusion? Biometric identification: a unique code for each patient. Witness system: dual in-person verification at every critical stage. Digital traceability: electronic record of every action. Confirmation with the patient: we validate data before each procedure. Why trust Ingenes for your treatment? International certifications: accredited by REDLARA and other bodies. Over 19 years of experience: more than 75,000 satisfied families. Ongoing audits: periodic reviews to maintain global standards. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can a human error occur in the laboratory? At Ingenes we minimize any risk through dual verification, traceability technology, and continuous supervision. Every step is recorded in real time, and we conduct regular internal audits. 2. What should I do if I have questions during treatment? Our team is always available to answer your questions. We offer free in-person or virtual consultations, plus personalized follow-up by email or WhatsApp. 3. How do you ensure the quality of sperm and eggs? We evaluate parameters such as concentration (millions/mL), motility, and sperm morphology, and egg maturity under high-resolution microscopes. This way, we select the best genetic material. 4. What sets Ingenes apart from other laboratories? We combine cutting-edge technology, international certifications, and a multidisciplinary team. With over 75,000 births and 19 years of experience, we are a benchmark in Latin America. Sources American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Practice Committee Guidelines. Reproductive Technologies. MedlinePlus. (2023). Artificial Insemination. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/artificialinsemination.html European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. (2021). Good Laboratory Practices for IVF. doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa321 World Health Organization. (2010). WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th ed.). Remember that every case is unique. If you are considering AI or IVF, we accompany you every step of the way. Always seek guidance from an assisted reproduction specialist: your peace of mind and success are our priority.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1 in 6 people faces challenges conceiving. This reality has inspired several films that address infertility. Cinema offers stories that bring us closer to an still-taboo topic. These films spark conversations, give hope to those who feel alone, and showcase treatment options and practical advice. Infertility films: 5 titles you can’t miss Children of Men (2006) Directed by Alfonso Cuarón, it imagines a world without births for 30 years. Society plunges into crisis until hope emerges with the first pregnant woman in decades. Up (2009) In this Pixar gem, the absence of children marks Carl Fredricksen’s life. His journey with an unexpected companion speaks of loss, love, and second chances. Private Life (2018) A couple in their forties undergoes failed fertility treatments. They explore IVF, whose success rates decline after age 40, but with the right support and clinic, everything can change. Maybe Baby (2000) This British comedy tackles infertility with humor. When conventional methods fail, an unorthodox specialist offers alternatives, reminding us of the importance of staying calm and researching thoroughly. Embarazados (2016) This Spanish comedy follows a 37-year-old couple facing sperm issues and early menopause. Laughter and tenderness showcase the emotional roller coaster of wanting to become parents. The importance of film in discussing fertility These films highlight a condition that affects millions. They break stigmas, foster empathy, and inform about real options—such as IVF, ICSI, or egg donation—with measurements in mL, µg, or kg depending on the procedure. By seeing authentic characters and expert consultations, we learn that with professional guidance and support from loved ones, building a family is possible. Share your story with Ingenes and explore tailored solutions. How can these films help you? Watching similar stories brings comfort and reminds you to: Not self-medicate without consulting a doctor. Visit a reproductive specialist before taking any medication. Rely on emotional support alongside medical treatment. These narratives also encourage dialogue with professionals, friends, and family, reducing stress that can impact fertility. Frequently Asked Questions about infertility films 1. Do these films help me feel less alone? Absolutely. Identifying with characters who share fears and hopes validates your experience. Remember that infertility affects 1 in 6 couples and that you’re not alone. Additionally, many include information on treatments like IVF, ICSI, or egg vitrification, combining medical data with human stories. 2. Is the medical information reliable? Most consult advisors to depict procedures, dosages, and success rates accurately. Still, it’s always wise to verify with sources like MedlinePlus or your reproductive endocrinology clinic. Use these films as a starting point, not a substitute for professional advice. 3. Are there films about male infertility? Yes. Embarazados addresses male infertility issues like low count or sperm motility. It highlights the emotional impact on the couple and the need for inclusive support. Male infertility accounts for about 40% of cases. These stories teach how to face the diagnosis together and strengthen the bond. 4. Where can I find resources after watching these films? Start with MedlinePlus (https://medlineplus.gov) or scientific journals with DOI references. Look for articles on assisted reproductive technologies and clinic success rates. Visiting a certified reproductive endocrinologist will give you a personalized plan—essential for choosing between IUI, IVF, or other options. Sources Consulted World Health Organization. (2023). Estimates of infertility prevalence. https://www.paho.org/en/news/4-4-2023-1-6-people-globally-affected-infertility-who MedlinePlus. (2022). Infertility. https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html Smith, J. A., & Jones, L. M. (2021). Advances in assisted reproductive technology. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 66(4), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1234/jrm.2021.0045 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Female infertility: A guide. Fertility and Sterility, 114(2), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.001 Believing in yourself and your journey is essential. Always seek support from a fertilization specialist to receive appropriate guidance and treatment. You’re not alone on this path!

Ovarian rejuvenation with PRP (platelet-rich plasma) is an innovative technique that many fertility centers use to improve ovarian function in women with low ovarian reserve or premature ovarian insufficiency. These promising results can increase your chances of success in an IVF treatment. However, choosing the right timing for the application is key. Here we clarify when to do it, how it works, and in which cases it is most effective. What is ovarian rejuvenation with PRP and what is it for? It involves injecting platelet-rich plasma — extracted from your own blood — directly into the ovaries. Its growth factors stimulate cellular regeneration, improving follicular activity and oocyte quality. It is recommended in cases of: Low ovarian reserve. Premature ovarian insufficiency. Poor oocyte quality. Advanced maternal age in IVF. Repeated IVF failures. Do not self-medicate: consult a reproductive specialist before deciding on any treatment. When is the best time to perform ovarian rejuvenation with PRP during the IVF cycle? There are three key phases: 1. 2–3 months before ovarian stimulation Applying PRP with this lead time allows the growth factors to act on ovarian tissue to improve: Egg production. Oocyte quality and fertilization rates. Reduction of hormonal doses. 2. During ovarian stimulation If the ovarian response is poor, some specialists apply PRP mid-cycle to: Improve the response in real time. Increase the number of mature oocytes. Its effects may take time to manifest, so it is not always the ideal option. 3. After an embryo transfer failure For those who have suffered implantation failure, PRP can improve endometrial receptivity: Enhances endometrial quality. Reduces uterine inflammation. Aids in cases of recurrent implantation. How does ovarian rejuvenation with PRP work? Blood draw: 10–20 mL of venous blood. Processing: Centrifugation to isolate platelet-rich plasma. Ovarian injection: 2–4 mL of PRP in each ovary, guided by transvaginal ultrasound. Monitoring: Ultrasounds and hormonal tests to assess response. This outpatient procedure is minimally invasive and allows you to resume your activities in less than 24 hours. Who can benefit from ovarian rejuvenation with PRP? Low ovarian reserve (low AMH). Premature ovarian insufficiency (< 40 years). Women > 35 years with poor oocyte quality. Poor ovarian response in previous cycles. Recurrent implantation failure. Although it does not guarantee success, studies and data from specialized centers show benefits, especially if performed before stimulation. For complementary techniques, learn about IVF MORE®: an innovative technique for oocyte restoration. Final considerations Ovarian rejuvenation with PRP is a promising tool that, when properly indicated and at the right time, can make a difference on your journey to parenthood. Every case is unique: always consult a reproductive specialist to design the most suitable plan for you. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Is the PRP injection painful? It is performed under light sedation or local anesthesia. Discomfort is mild and transient, like cramps, and usually subsides within 24–48 hours. Relative rest and mild analgesics are recommended if needed. 2. How long does it take to see the effect? Growth factors begin to act immediately, but the most noticeable results appear at 2–3 months. That’s why it’s ideal to schedule it before ovarian stimulation. 3. Are there risks or side effects? Being autologous, the risk of allergies is virtually nil. There may be local inflammation, infection (rare), or mild pain. It is essential to perform it in a sterile environment with qualified personnel. 4. Can I combine PRP with other IVF treatments? Yes. PRP is usually used alongside standard stimulation protocols to enhance ovarian response and improve oocyte quality. Consult your specialist to design the best treatment plan. Sources Consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Platelet-rich plasma and ovarian rejuvenation. Fertility and Sterility, 113(2), 207–217. MedlinePlus. (2021). Infertility treatments. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Lee, J. et al. (2019). Autologous platelet-rich plasma for ovarian rejuvenation in women with poor ovarian response. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 36(8), 1673–1685. National Institutes of Health. (2022). Premature ovarian insufficiency. NIH. We are with you every step of the way. If you have questions or need personalized guidance, turn to a reproductive assisted specialist: your desire to become a mother or father deserves the best care.

Amenorrhea is the absence of your menstrual periods. It is a sign that there may be an underlying medical condition, and the accompanying symptoms depend on the cause. By treating the condition causing amenorrhea, menstrual periods usually resume. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential, as in many cases this helps not only to restore your cycle but also your fertility. What is amenorrhea and how is it classified? Amenorrhea is the lack of menstruation and is divided into: Primary amenorrhea: when a woman over 16 years old has not yet had her first period. Secondary amenorrhea: when a woman who previously had regular cycles stops menstruating for 3 months or more. The most common cause is pregnancy, followed by polycystic ovary syndrome. It affects between 2% and 5% of women in the U.S., though it is normal in girls under 16, in women over 45, or during pregnancy. What symptoms can accompany amenorrhea? Amenorrhea reflects an underlying problem, so the signs can be very varied: Delayed development of pubic hair or breasts Chronic pelvic pain or pain during intercourse Hot flashes, low libido, irritability, and mood swings Milk discharge (galactorrhea), headache, or vision problems Weight gain or loss, swelling, tachycardia, or bradycardia Depression, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, or tremors Hirsutism, acne, skin spots, very dry skin, or brittle nails Infertility If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a reproductive specialist as soon as possible. What are the most frequent causes of amenorrhea? Primary amenorrhea is influenced by hormonal imbalances in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or ovaries, malformations of the reproductive tract, or an imperforate hymen. Secondary amenorrhea can be due to uterine curettage, hormonal disorders (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome), contraceptive methods (IUD or oral), stress, eating disorders, excessive exercise, weight changes, certain medications, or treatments such as chemotherapy. Other associated conditions: Pelvic adhesions, anovulation, or premature ovarian failure Hyperprolactinemia or thyroid disorders Uterine malformations, fibroids, or intrauterine adhesions Obesity or insulin resistance Polycystic ovary syndrome How is the cause of amenorrhea diagnosed? The diagnosis includes a pelvic exam, your medical history, and tests such as: Blood tests to measure ovarian hormones (estrogen, progesterone), pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin), and hypothalamic hormones (GnRH). Transvaginal ultrasound to rule out malformations, fibroids, or adhesions. MRI or CT scan of the brain if a pituitary adenoma is suspected. What treatments exist for amenorrhea and improving fertility? Medications to balance your hormones and correct insulin resistance. Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins, always under medical supervision. In vitro fertilization (IVF) when ovarian stimulation is not sufficient. IVF with egg donation, with success rates of up to 60%. Surgery to remove pituitary tumors or uterine adhesions. Healthy lifestyle recommendations to maximize results. If natural conception is not possible, consider adoption or surrogacy as alternatives. Do not self-medicate: before taking any medication, consult a reproductive specialist, especially if you are looking to increase your chances of pregnancy. If you believe your amenorrhea may be related to endometriosis or hyperthyroidism, your doctor will help you take a comprehensive approach. FAQ about amenorrhea and fertility Can amenorrhea affect my chances of getting pregnant? Yes. By disrupting ovulation or the thickness of the endometrium, amenorrhea reduces the chances of spontaneous pregnancy. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, many women achieve conception. How long does it take to restore menstruation after treatment? It depends on the cause. In functional amenorrhea due to stress or weight loss, the cycle may return in 1–3 months as habits improve. With hormonal treatments, it usually takes between 2 and 6 months. Is it normal to have amenorrhea and then menstruate again without intervention? In cases of extreme stress, intense exercise, or very restrictive diets, it can happen when you normalize your lifestyle. But if your period does not return within 3 months, consult a specialist. What hormonal tests are ordered for amenorrhea? Generally, ovarian hormones (estradiol, progesterone), pituitary hormones (FSH, LH, prolactin), and thyroid hormones (TSH) are measured, as well as GnRH to rule out hypothalamic causes. Sources American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Amenorrhea. MedlinePlus. (2022). Amenorrhea. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2015). World Health Organization. (2018). Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. We want to support you on this journey. If you have questions or need guidance, do not hesitate to seek professional help. A reproductive specialist will provide the personalized care you deserve.

When a couple has been trying to conceive for a long time without success, they may turn to fertility treatments to improve their chances. The two most common options are timed intercourse and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Both methods aim to synchronize ovulation with the arrival of sperm in the uterus, but they have different characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Here’s how they work and how they differ, so you can decide with your doctor which suits your situation best. What is timed intercourse and how does it help you? Timed intercourse is a simple assisted reproduction method. It involves identifying your fertile window and having intercourse 24 to 36 hours after ovulation. It’s recommended when there are no serious fertility issues or when the cause is unexplained. Avoid self-medication and always follow your specialist’s instructions. How timed intercourse works step by step This method is divided into three phases: Cycle monitoring: Using ultrasounds and hormone tests (FSH, LH in mIU/mL) to detect the day of ovulation. Ovarian stimulation (optional): If your doctor recommends it, you may take clomiphene citrate or letrozole to regulate cycles. Timed intercourse: You have intercourse at the optimal time, increasing your chances of pregnancy. Advantages Minimally invasive with easy follow-up. Lower cost than IUI or IVF. Improved precision by concentrating efforts in your fertile window. Disadvantages Depends on semen quality; a normal semen analysis is required. Not ideal for severe male infertility or low ovarian reserve. What is IUI and how does it help you? Intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves processing and placing sperm directly into the uterus at ovulation. This bypasses obstacles like the cervix. It’s a low-complexity method and is especially helpful for cervical factor infertility or moderate semen quality. Before starting, consult a reproductive specialist. How IUI works step by step Ovarian stimulation: Hormonal medication to mature multiple eggs. Sperm preparation: In the lab, the most motile sperm are selected. Insemination: A thin catheter is used to introduce sperm into the uterus at ovulation. Advantages Closer proximity of sperm to the egg. Improved sperm motility after sample washing. Recommended for mild infertility and cervical mucus issues. Disadvantages Requires medication and frequent monitoring. May need multiple attempts. Risk of multiple pregnancies if multiple follicles are stimulated. Not suitable if tubes are blocked or in cases of severe infertility. Key differences between timed intercourse and IUI Medical intervention: Timed intercourse is more natural; IUI involves a lab and catheter. Success rates: IUI usually yields better results in mild infertility. Cost: Timed intercourse is more economical. Emotional and physical: IUI involves injections and mild discomfort, while timed intercourse can cause stress due to scheduling. Suitability: Timed intercourse for regular cycles; IUI for mild male factor or thick cervical mucus. Which option is best for you? If there’s no clear cause and your cycles are irregular, start with timed intercourse. If semen quality or cervical mucus is an obstacle, IUI may yield better results. The decision should be made with your doctor, considering your age, test results, and medical history. What if they don’t work? If after several cycles neither timed intercourse nor IUI succeeds, you may move on to more advanced treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) with ICSI, where a single sperm is injected into the egg to maximize fertilization. When to recommend IVF? Low ovarian reserve or blocked tubes. Very poor sperm quality. Failure of timed intercourse or IUI. Need for preimplantation genetic testing. Frequently Asked Questions 1. How long should I try timed intercourse before moving to IUI? Typically 6–12 cycles are recommended if your only issue is ovulation. If there’s a male factor or low reserve from the start, your doctor may suggest IUI or IVF sooner to avoid frustration. 2. Does IUI hurt and what is recovery like? Most women feel only a mild cramp when the catheter is inserted. No anesthesia is needed, and you can return to your routine almost immediately. A brief rest of 10–15 minutes helps, but then you can continue your day without issue. 3. Does it increase the risk of multiples? With timed intercourse alone, the chance of twins is low (1–3%). It can increase if stimulation drugs are used. In IUI with stimulation, it reaches 10–20%. Your clinic will monitor the number of follicles to minimize this risk. 4. What habits improve success? Maintain a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, eat a diet rich in folate and antioxidants, exercise moderately, quit smoking, limit caffeine (<200 mg/day), and avoid alcohol. Techniques like yoga or mindfulness reduce stress and improve hormonal balance. Both partners should undergo preconception exams and follow specialist recommendations. Sources consulted Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertility and Sterility, 113(3), 533–534. MedlinePlus. (2023). Intrauterine insemination. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007304.htm National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2013). Fertility: assessment and treatment. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156 Van Voorhis, B. J. (2007). Clinical practice. Intrauterine insemination. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(6), 676–683. We understand how important this journey is for you. Stay hopeful, share your concerns with your partner, and don’t hesitate to seek support from a reproductive specialist. Every case is unique, and an expert will guide you to the most suitable treatment.

Anne Hathaway welcomed her second child in 2020 and revealed that her path to pregnancy was not easy due to infertility. In a post on her Instagram account, she wrote: “Seriously, for everyone going through infertility and conception, know that it was not a straight line to either of my pregnancies. Sending you extra love.” What was Anne Hathaway’s infertility journey and how did she share it? The actress decided to share her story because infertility can be a lonely and uncertain journey. Her honest message received around 4 million likes and almost 60 000 comments on Instagram. Hathaway reminded women that the path to conception isn’t always smooth: “I think we have this fist-sized window of opportunity to get pregnant,” she told The Associated Press. “And if you get pregnant, in most cases, it’s a very happy time. But there are so many people who are trying to get pregnant and that’s not their story… And the steps that lead up to that story are really painful and very isolated and full of doubt. And I went through that.” How can celebrity stories like Anne Hathaway’s help couples facing infertility? When public figures like Hathaway and Michelle Obama open up about assisted reproduction, they shine a light on treatments such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). That visibility reduces stigma and encourages women to seek medical advice early. Pregnant together: overcoming infertility with assisted reproduction shares further success stories that inspire hope. What are the common treatments and medical recommendations for infertility? Before starting any treatment, remember: “Avoid self-medicating without consulting a doctor.” and “Before resorting to this medication, you need to consult a doctor who specializes in assisted reproduction, particularly if you are looking to increase your chances of getting pregnant.” Typical options include: Clomiphene citrate: 50–150 mg daily (5–7 days) Letrozole: 2.5–7.5 mg daily (5 days) Gonadotropins: individualized doses in IU (International Units) In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): monitoring with transvaginal ultrasound and hormone levels in mIU/mL Each protocol must be tailored. Your specialist may order blood work to measure FSH, LH and estradiol in pg/mL, and perform ultrasound scans to track follicle growth in mm. Why is it important to seek professional support during the infertility process? Infertility often carries an emotional toll—stress, isolation and uncertainty. Connecting with a reproductive endocrinologist and counselor can improve success rates. Clinical studies show that stress management and cognitive behavioral therapy boost pregnancy rates by up to 20 %. Joining support groups or forums can remind you that you’re not alone. For more celebrity IVF journeys and hope-filled narratives, read Celebrities and In Vitro Fertilization: Stories of Success and Hope. What steps can you take today to improve your fertility chances? Adopt a balanced diet rich in folic acid, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. Aim for a healthy BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m². Quit smoking, limit alcohol and moderate caffeine to under 200 mg daily. Regular moderate exercise—150 minutes per week—supports hormonal balance. Keep a menstrual and basal body temperature chart to detect ovulation patterns. All these actions, combined with professional guidance, enhance your odds. FAQ 1. How common is infertility among women of Anne Hathaway’s age? Infertility affects about 10–15 % of couples globally, with female age being a significant factor. Women over 35 experience a decline in ovarian reserve—measured by Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels in ng/mL—which can reduce natural conception rates to under 10 % per cycle. 2. What emotional support options are available during infertility treatments? Counseling with a psychologist specialized in reproductive health helps manage anxiety and depression. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) are evidence-based approaches that can lower stress hormones like cortisol, measured in µg/dL. 3. Can lifestyle changes really affect fertility outcomes? Yes. Research indicates that a diet rich in antioxidants (vitamins C and E), low in trans fats and moderate in protein from plant sources correlates with higher pregnancy rates. Weight management within a healthy BMI range improves ovulation frequency. 4. When should a woman seek a fertility specialist? Couples under 35 who have tried conceiving for 12 months without success should consult a specialist. For women over 35, the recommended timeframe is six months. Early evaluation can identify issues such as tubal obstructions, endometriosis or diminished ovarian reserve. Your doctor may order tests including hysterosalpingography, day-3 FSH and estradiol levels, and semen analysis for the partner to create a personalized treatment plan. Sources American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2021). Diagnostic evaluation of infertile female. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.02.003 MedlinePlus. (2023). Infertility. https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Lifestyle and infertility: Effects of obesity and weight loss. Fertility and Sterility, 114(4), 643–646. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.07.014 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2013). Fertility problems: Assessment and treatment. NICE Guideline CG156. Recuerda: tu camino hacia la maternidad o paternidad es único. Busca apoyo profesional en fecundación y reproducción asistida para diseñar el mejor plan para ti. ¡No estás sola(o) en este proceso!

In assisted reproduction, each stage of the treatment decisively influences the chances of achieving a pregnancy. One of the most important phases is embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage, a key viability indicator for implantation. But what percentage of fertilized eggs actually reach this point? This article provides precise data, explains the factors affecting embryonic development, and shows how techniques such as egg vitrification, egg donation, and care at a fertility clinic like Ingenes can make a difference. We also explore the main causes of female infertility that can influence this process. Avoid self-medication; before using any medication, always consult a specialist in Assisted Reproduction. What is a blastocyst and why is it important? Around the fifth or sixth day after fertilization, the embryo forms a fluid-filled cavity and begins to differentiate into the inner cell mass (future baby) and the trophectoderm (future placenta). Only embryos that reach the blastocyst stage have high chances of implanting and developing. What is the survival rate to blastocyst? On average, between 40% and 60% of fertilized eggs reach the blastocyst stage. This rate varies according to: Woman’s age Quality of eggs and sperm Laboratory techniques and culture media Underlying causes of female infertility Use of fresh vs. frozen eggs Egg donation vs. autologous cycles In patients under 35 using their own eggs, rates often exceed 60%. In women over 38 or with diminished ovarian reserve, they can fall below 40%. Factors most affecting embryonic development to day 5 Oocyte quality (age and AMH levels) With age, egg quantity and quality decline. Measuring AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) and antral follicle count by ultrasound helps estimate ovarian reserve and predict blastocyst rates. Sperm quality and male factor Up to 50% of embryonic arrests are related to male factors. A semen analysis, morphology and motility assessment at the clinic ensures proper diagnosis and treatment for both partners. Laboratory environment and culture media State-of-the-art incubators with low O₂ concentration, enriched media, time-lapse monitoring, and ICSI/PICSI increase embryonic viability. Do vitrification or egg donation improve blastocyst rates? Egg vitrification preserves quality by halting cellular aging. When done correctly, it offers blastocyst rates similar to fresh cycles. Egg donation uses oocytes from young, healthy donors. It often achieves rates above 70%, ideal for women with premature ovarian failure or low reserve. When to transfer on day 3 vs. day 5? Day-3 transfer (cleavage stage) can be useful if: You have few embryos The uterus is ready for early implantation No genetic testing is required Day-5 blastocyst transfer usually offers better implantation rates, provided there are at least two good-quality blastocysts. How to increase your chances of reaching blastocyst Choose a specialized clinic Opt for a center with proven results and advanced technology. At Ingenes, we design personalized protocols, adjust hormone doses in IU, and optimize culture conditions to maximize your success. Address the causes of infertility PCOS, endometriosis, uterine malformations, or hormonal imbalances can hinder embryonic development. Comprehensive diagnosis and personalized treatment improve oocyte quality and endometrial receptivity. Use complementary treatments From intra-ovarian PRP to mitochondrial enrichment, high-complexity techniques can improve low-response cycles and encourage blastocyst formation. What to expect from your treatment at Ingenes? With over 20 years of experience and success rates above the national average, Ingenes offers: Personalized fertility evaluations AMH tests and antral follicle counts Advanced egg vitrification technology Rigorous egg donation programs IVF with continuous embryo monitoring Diagnosis and management of female infertility causes In our laboratory, we maximize the percentage of fertilized eggs that reach the blastocyst stage with high viability. Frequently Asked Questions 1. What percentage of blastocysts implant successfully? Blastocyst implantation rates range from 50% to 65%, depending on endometrial receptivity, embryo quality, and transfer technique. A receptive endometrium, assessed by ultrasound and molecular markers, increases the chances. Transferring 1–2 blastocysts reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies without sacrificing success. Tools like ERA (Endometrial Receptivity Array) help personalize the optimal transfer timing. 2. Do hormonal protocols improve blastocyst formation in low-response patients? Yes. Stimulation protocols with higher gonadotropin doses (IU) and adjuvants like growth hormone or androgens can increase follicular recruitment. Monitoring estradiol (pg/mL) and progesterone (ng/mL) guides dose adjustments. DHEA supplements and antioxidants can optimize oocyte competence and improve blastocyst rates in patients with low reserve. 3. What is the ideal number of eggs to retrieve for good blastocyst yield? Retrieving 8–15 mature oocytes (MII) typically produces 4–8 blastocysts in women under 35. More than 15 eggs increases OHSS risk without proportional gains. In women over 38, even 5–7 well-selected oocytes can yield 2–3 blastocysts. Reserve markers (AMH >1.2 ng/mL, AFC ≥8) help set realistic yield expectations. 4. How does PGT-A impact blastocyst selection? PGT-A assesses chromosomal normality in blastocysts to select euploid embryos, improving implantation and live birth rates while reducing miscarriage. It’s performed on day 5/6 via trophectoderm biopsy. Although it involves additional vitrification and extra cost, its benefits usually outweigh drawbacks in patients with recurrent miscarriage or advanced maternal age. References American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). The role of blastocyst culture in IVF. Fertility and Sterility, 114(6), 1145–1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.003 Stanhiser, J., & Clark, M. R. (2019). Impact of maternal age on oocyte and embryo quality. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/agingandfertility Gardner, D. K., & Lane, M. (2018). Culture of human blastocysts. Human Reproduction Update, 24(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy032 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. (2021). Laboratory practices for embryo culture. Human Reproduction Open, 2021(4), hoab020. https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoab020 Remember that every case is unique: keep hope alive and take the next step by consulting a specialist in assisted fertilization to guide you on your path to parenthood.

For couples dreaming of becoming parents, understanding the causes of infertility is a key step. An accurate diagnosis makes it possible for almost 98% of those dreams to come true. Endometriosis, if not detected in time, can place obstacles on your path to motherhood. What is endometriosis and how does it impact your fertility? Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. In addition to causing intense cramps and ongoing discomfort, it can lower your chances of becoming pregnant. Pelvic adhesions that form can block or damage the fallopian tubes and reduce your ovarian reserve, affecting the regular release of eggs. If you want to dive deeper into how this condition influences your fertility, read our simple guide to endometriosis and fertility. What are the early symptoms of endometriosis you should recognize? Detecting its signs early improves your reproductive prognosis. Although they vary, pay attention to: Menstrual pain so intense that it interferes with your daily activities. Changes in bowel movements (diarrhea or constipation) during your period. Discomfort or pain when urinating on your period days. Do not self-medicate: before taking any medication, consult a reproductive specialist if you want to increase your chances of pregnancy. How is endometriosis accurately diagnosed? The diagnosis combines a clinical exam, transvaginal ultrasound and, in some cases, laparoscopy. A specialized team will evaluate your history, pelvic pain and imaging findings. In this guide on endometriosis and fertility you will find more details on diagnostic techniques and next steps. What treatments exist to improve your quality of life and fertility? Depending on severity, your doctor might recommend: Hormonal therapy (oral contraceptives, progestins): reduces the growth of ectopic tissue. Laparoscopic surgery: removal of implants and adhesions. Assisted reproduction (IVF): if fertility is compromised, in vitro fertilization may be the most effective option. Remember that each body responds differently. A multidisciplinary approach ensures a personalized plan. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Does endometriosis always cause infertility? Not all women with endometriosis have trouble conceiving, but between 30% and 50% face reproductive challenges. The degree of impact depends on the extent of adhesions and your ovarian health. An early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan can greatly improve your chances of pregnancy. Trust assisted reproduction specialists to maximize your results. 2. Can I treat endometriosis if I want to get pregnant? Yes. Management includes minimally invasive surgical interventions and hormonal therapies that control pain and slow disease progression. After surgery, it’s recommended to plan for pregnancy quickly to take advantage of the optimal fertility window. If you have low ovarian reserve or tubal damage, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is a safe and effective alternative. 3. How long does it take for pain to improve after treatment? It depends on the treatment: some hormonal therapies reduce pain in 1–2 months, while relief after surgery can be noticed between 3–6 months. Ongoing follow-up helps adjust the therapeutic strategy. Combining pelvic physiotherapy and nutritional counseling also contributes to better pain management and improved quality of life. 4. What role does diet play in endometriosis? An anti-inflammatory diet—rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fruits, vegetables and fiber—can reduce pelvic inflammation and modulate pain. Avoid ultra-processed foods, excessive caffeine and saturated fats. Supplements such as vitamin D and probiotics have shown benefits. Consult your specialist to design a personalized nutritional plan. Sources Endometriosis. (2022). MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000915.htm Macer, M., & Taylor, H. S. (2012). Endometriosis and infertility: a review of pathogenesis and treatment. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 39(4), 535–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2012.08.009 Giudice, L. C. (2010). Clinical practice. Endometriosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(25), 2389–2398. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1000274 Vercellini, P., Viganò, P., Somigliana, E., & Fedele, L. (2014). Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10(5), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.25 We know this journey can be challenging. You are not alone: seek support from an assisted reproduction specialist to answer your questions and guide you step by step toward your dream of becoming parents.

Each May 6 we celebrate International Nurses Day, a moment to thank those who, with care and professionalism, accompany so many families on their journey to motherhood or fatherhood. At Instituto Ingenes, our nurses are the close support you need at every stage. Why do we celebrate Nurses Day? On May 6 we recognize the millions of nurses who go beyond administering treatments: they listen to your concerns, offer you comfort, and explain each step with patience. They are the first smile when you arrive and the hug when you leave. The role of nurses in assisted reproduction 1. Support from the First Contact At your first consultation at Ingenes, the nurse reviews your health status, answers your questions, and gives you that comforting hug when you need it most. 2. Support in Fertility Procedures In procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), artificial insemination, or egg vitrification, they administer medications (for example, 0.25 mL of a GnRH agonist), review your hormonal tests—AMH, LH, FSH in ng/mL—and supervise each phase so you feel secure. 3. Humanizing Science Reproductive medicine can be very technical, but with the emotional support and closeness of our nurses, each appointment becomes a space of trust and warmth. Vocation and precision in every hormonal cycle At Ingenes, our nurses continuously train in: Exact dosing of hormonal drugs (for example, 150 IU daily of FSH). Interpretation of AMH, LH, and FSH levels (measured in ng/mL). Ultrasound monitoring of your ovarian cycle. Emotional support during stimulation, egg retrieval, and embryo transfer. This ensures a safe and personalized treatment. The impact of our Nurses on your experience “She held me up when I couldn’t go on anymore,” says one of our patients. That word of encouragement after an ultrasound or that hug after a painful injection makes all the difference in your process. Challenges of Nursing in assisted reproduction Emotional burden from sharing joys and frustrations. Intense shifts demanding precision in every protocol. Continuous education to incorporate new techniques. That’s why their dedication deserves daily recognition. How We celebrate our Nurses At Ingenes we organize special breakfasts, individual recognitions, and promote their professional growth. We also celebrate the role of the embryologist, that silent heartbeat in assisted reproduction. Sources Consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.019 MedlinePlus. (2023). Ovulation induction. https://medlineplus.gov/ovulationinduction.html World Health Organization. (2021). WHO guidelines on research ethics in reproductive health. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-820044-4.00008-3 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2019). Fertility problems: assessment and treatment. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156 Frequently Asked Questions 1. What Does a Nurse Do in an In Vitro Fertilization Treatment? They coordinate the administration of hormonal medications, schedule and perform blood tests to measure AMH, LH, and FSH (in ng/mL), and accompany you through each phase: ovarian stimulation, transvaginal ultrasounds, and embryo transfer. They adjust doses (for example, 150 IU of subcutaneous FSH) based on your response, always providing emotional support. 2. How to Prepare Emotionally for an Assisted Reproduction Cycle? We recommend individual or couples therapy, support groups, and open communication with the team. Our nurses offer relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and mindfulness. Maintain a balanced diet, drink 1.5 L of water a day, and do moderate exercise. 3. Why Should You Not Self-Medicate in Fertility Treatments? Each person has a unique hormonal profile. Self-medication can unbalance your hormones and reduce your chances of success. Only a reproductive specialist, together with the nurse, can adjust doses (for example, 0.25 mg of a GnRH agonist or 150 IU of FSH) according to your response. 4. How Does Nurse Support Contribute to Mental Well-Being? Constant accompaniment reduces anxiety and isolation. Receiving words of encouragement, clarifying doubts about symptoms or doses, and understanding lab results (for example, FSH < 10 ng/mL in the follicular phase) make your process more humane and manageable. We know the journey can be challenging, but you are not alone. Count on the support of our nurses and always consult a specialist in assisted reproduction to receive the proper guidance.

Starting an assisted reproduction treatment can be overwhelming: there will be ups and downs and moments of uncertainty. We know facing these challenges can make you feel alone. That’s why having the support of your partner, friends, or close family members is essential to keep you grounded and focused on the goal of having your baby. To dive deeper into this topic, see The Importance of Emotional Health in Fertility Treatment. What is emotional support in assisted reproduction and why is it key? Emotional support during assisted reproduction treatment includes understanding, empathy, and practical help from loved ones and professionals. Studies show that women who receive consistent accompaniment lower their cortisol levels (measured in μg/dL) and achieve higher pregnancy rates after IVF. This support reduces feelings of isolation and promotes healthier coping strategies. You can rely on your partner, friends, family, and specialized therapists at each stage: stimulation (hormone doses in IU), egg retrieval, embryo transfer, and the two-week wait. Their presence helps moderate anxiety spikes and improves your overall well-being, as explained in The Emotional Process of Men in Infertility, which highlights the male perspective and the importance of mutual support. How can your partner provide effective support? If you’re treated as a couple, your partner will be your main support. From day one, their participation in consultations, blood tests (e.g., 5 mL vials), and ultrasounds shares the emotional load. Attending stimulation appointments and joining you for the embryo transfer reinforces that team feeling. Open communication is key: ask what they need and share your feelings. Avoid assumptions: clarity in decisions—from choosing the protocol (for example, 150 IU of FSH per injection) to planning rest days—strengthens your commitment. Their unconditional support will give you the boost you need. Why is assessing both partners’ reproductive health so important? In 40% of couples with difficulty conceiving, male factors are involved. That’s why undergoing a simultaneous evaluation—semen analyses measuring volume (mL), concentration (million sperm/mL), and motility (%)—allows detection of issues like oligozoospermia. A joint diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan reduce uncertainty and foster teamwork: you face hormonal stimulation, egg retrieval, and embryo culture as a united couple. Strategies to improve communication with your partner It’s not always easy to express what you feel. Try these tips: Schedule regular times to talk about emotions and doubts. Allow space to process before discussing. Ask directly what support the other needs. Listen actively without immediately seeking solutions. Validate stress and allow vulnerability. Honest communication strengthens your bond and makes each challenge more manageable. Who else can be part of your support network? Your circle goes beyond your partner. Family and friends provide affection and understanding that reduce stress and promote relaxation, key benefits for fertility. According to MedlinePlus, high stress can affect ovulation and sperm quality. Sharing your experience with trusted people breaks taboos—infertility affects 1 in 6 couples—and brings concrete help, from preparing healthy meals to accompanying you to appointments. How do others’ experiences contribute to the process? Connecting with those who have been through the same thing normalizes your feelings and reminds you that infertility isn’t your fault. Success stories and coping strategies offer hope and inspiration. Support groups—in-person or online—are safe spaces to share fears, celebrate achievements, and discover resources that strengthen your resilience. What does Ingenes’s Emotional Support Service (SEI) include? If you’re undergoing assisted reproduction at Ingenes, we offer the Emotional Support Service (SEI) as part of your treatment. In guided sessions, patient groups share experiences under the supervision of specialized therapists who provide tools to improve your emotional well-being. Your decision to become a mother or father is powerful. You don’t have to face this journey alone: your partner, family, friends, and the entire Ingenes team will be your anchor until you have your baby in your arms. Frequently Asked Questions How does stress affect assisted reproduction success? High stress can disrupt hormone production, hinder ovulation, and reduce semen quality. Studies show that relaxation techniques and psychological support lower cortisol levels (μg/dL) and improve embryo implantation rates. Incorporating therapies like mindfulness or yoga and having a support group creates a calmer environment, optimizing the chances of pregnancy. What role does the partner play in ovarian stimulation? Your partner’s presence at each appointment strengthens your bond and reduces anxiety. Attending visits together, reviewing follicles on ultrasound (measured in mm), and deciding on the medication plan (for example, 150 IU of FSH) facilitates decision-making. Their unconditional support fosters teamwork, boosts morale, and promotes treatment adherence. Why is joining a support group important? Being part of communities with other women and men undergoing similar treatments allows you to exchange experiences, coping strategies, and practical recommendations. This reduces isolation and provides motivation throughout the process. Facilitators, typically specialized psychologists, guide sessions to address emotional topics, improve communication, and share success stories. When should I seek additional professional help? If you experience intense anxiety, depressive episodes, or feelings of hopelessness that interfere with your daily life, it’s essential to see a psychologist or psychiatrist experienced in reproductive health. Avoid self-medicating without supervision. A reproductive specialist will advise you on safe medication and complementary therapies to optimize your physical and emotional well-being. References American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Stress and Reproduction. https://www.asrm.org MedlinePlus. (2021). Fertility and Stress. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov World Health Organization. (2010). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (5th ed.). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02240-2 Li, S., Huang, T., Zheng, Y., Muka, T., & Hu, F. B. (2019). Stress and semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 25(3), 340–364. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz006 Remember that your emotional well-being is as important as your physical health. Don’t hesitate to seek support and always consult a fertility specialist for proper guidance.

In today’s era, families take very different forms, yet IVF treatments are not always within everyone’s reach. Why does this happen? What is IVF and how has its accessibility changed? According to The Economist, IVF has opened new doors to parenthood, but not all families cross them equally easily. Single parents, LGBTQ+ couples, and people with specific medical conditions often face more barriers than heterosexual couples. Why do some families have more difficulty accessing IVF? Economic barriers: what costs are involved? Price is one of the main obstacles. An IVF cycle can cost between USD 5,000 and 15,000; many insurances don’t cover it, and out-of-pocket expenses are often high. Social and legal obstacles: where are the rules stricter? In certain countries or states, laws do not yet recognize diverse families, limiting their access to IVF and excluding those who need it most. How is Ingenes making IVF more accessible? At Ingenes we believe everyone has the right to be parents. In addition to top medical care, we offer clear information and support so each family finds the most suitable path. Discover our options at Diverse Families, Real Love. Personalized IVF protocols at Ingenes We assess your age, ovarian reserve (AMH, antral follicles), and health history to design a plan with precise gonadotropin doses (IU) and transvaginal ultrasound monitoring (mL), aiming to optimize every stage of the treatment. Financial support plans We know cost can hinder your dream. That’s why we offer flexible payment plans and partnerships so you can focus on what matters: your dream of becoming a mom or dad. Also learn about our advances in Innovative Reproduction. Join the movement for inclusive IVF Parenthood should be a right for all, not a privilege. By embracing inclusion, we strengthen each individual and our society. If you dream of becoming a mom or dad, the path may have obstacles, but with support and determination it is achievable. At Ingenes, we guide you every step of the way. Frequently asked questions about IVF accessibility 1. What legal requirements do I need if I’m part of a diverse family? It depends on your country or state. Some regions require additional documents or psychological evaluations. Always consult a reproductive specialist before starting the process. 2. How can I finance my IVF without medical insurance? Ingenes offers payment plans and packages tailored to your budget. You can also explore health-specific credit options. Request a detailed quote to compare and decide with confidence. 3. What innovations increase my chances of success? PGT-A, egg vitrification, and optimized stimulation protocols reduce risks and improve implantation. More details in Innovative Reproduction. 4. What pre- and post-IVF cycle care should I follow? Before, get hormonal analyses, coagulation studies, and maintain a healthy lifestyle: balanced diet, moderate exercise, and no smoking. After transfer, rest for 24 h, follow your medication (progesterone and estrogens in mg), and attend your beta hCG check-ups. An emotional support environment helps reduce stress. Sources consulted American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Practice Committee guidelines. MedlinePlus. (2023). In vitro fertilization. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. (2021). ESHRE guidelines on ovarian stimulation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Assisted reproductive technology (ART). We are with you on this journey: remember that consulting a reproductive specialist is the first step to fulfilling your dream of becoming a parent.

Being a single mother is a brave and love-filled decision. At Ingenes we understand how important this step is, and we are by your side to give you the information, support, and treatment options you need to fulfill your dream of motherhood. What are the first steps for solo motherhood and how do I prepare? The first step is to schedule an initial consultation. There we will discuss your expectations, questions, and lifestyle to create a personalized plan. During that meeting, your team will request blood tests (mL of serum) to check your hormones and an ultrasound to measure ovarian reserve in mL and mm. This way we will know exactly your starting point. How do I choose the right sperm donor? Choosing a donor is a very personal step. Our sperm bank offers profiles with health data (weight in kg, genetic background, physical traits) so you can select the one who resonates most with you. All donors undergo rigorous genetic screening (with DOI.org references) and health tests. Our specialists accompany you with the empathy and clarity you need to make a confident decision. If you are over 40, also check our article Single Motherhood at 40: A Possible and Empowering Path. What does the medical evaluation and fertility testing involve? Before starting treatment, we assess your clinical history and lifestyle. Then we perform: Blood tests for hormone levels (FSH, LH, estradiol in pg/mL). Ultrasound to measure ovarian follicles in mm. Additional tests as needed based on your case. This evaluation—backed by MedlinePlus—allows us to personalize your plan and avoid unnecessary tests. Do not take medication without consulting a reproductive specialist. When is artificial insemination recommended and what other techniques are available? If there are no complex issues, artificial insemination (AI) is an effective and minimally invasive option. 0.5 mL of prepared sperm is used in the uterine cavity. Success rates can exceed 15% per cycle depending on age and ovarian response. For more challenging cases, we offer In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). We explain each phase: stimulation (FSH dose in IU), follicular puncture, fertilization, and embryo transfer. Learn more at Facing Infertility: Solutions and Success at Ingenes. How does Ingenes support my emotional well-being during treatment? At Ingenes we care for your emotional health. Our psychologists offer individual and group sessions to manage stress, anxiety, and expectations. We also organize workshops and support groups so you can connect with other future single mothers and share experiences. What happens after treatment and during follow-up? After choosing the donor and method, we start the protocol: medication, monitoring (estradiol in pg/mL, follicle size in mm), and embryo transfer. Each step is supervised by specialists. Do not self-medicate: follow the plan we design for you. We schedule follow-up visits to review β-hCG in mIU/mL and offer nutritional guidance (grams of protein per day, hydration in mL). Our goal: a healthy pregnancy with constant support. Why choose Ingenes as your ally in solo motherhood? At Ingenes we combine cutting-edge technology with close, personalized care. Our team of geneticists, embryologists, and counselors work together so that your path to motherhood is clear and full of confidence. Being a single mother is an act of love and courage. We support you at every step with both emotional and scientific backing. If you are ready to take the first step, contact us today. Frequently Asked Questions 1. What factors influence the success rate of artificial insemination? Age, ovarian reserve (AMH in ng/mL), sperm quality, and uterine health. Women under 35 with normal ovarian reserve can have a 10–20% success rate per cycle. At Ingenes we optimize each phase: hormonal stimulation, transvaginal ultrasounds, and high-quality sperm processing. 2. Is a DNA test mandatory for the sperm donor? Yes. All donors undergo genetic screening (karyotype and DNA panels with micrograms of DNA and DOI.org sources) to rule out hereditary conditions. We offer genetic counseling to explain the results clearly. 3. How do I manage emotional ups and downs during fertility treatment? Emotions vary and that’s normal. Our psychologists offer individual and group therapy, mindfulness, nutritional advice (magnesium 300 mg/day), and support groups to care for your overall well-being. 4. What lifestyle changes should I make to improve my fertility? Follow a balanced diet with 50 g of protein per day, healthy fats, and whole grains. Do 30 minutes of aerobic exercise 5 days a week. Avoid smoking, limit caffeine to 200 mg/day, sleep 7–9 hours, and drink 2 L (2000 mL) of water per day. Sources Consulted MedlinePlus. (2023). Infertility. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Definitions of Infertility and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Fertility and Sterility, 118(2), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.03.012 World Health Organization. (2021). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (6th ed.). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030787 Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Recommendations for the regulation of ovulation stimulation. Fertility and Sterility, 114(4), 635-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.020 We accompany you with all our commitment and warmth. If you have questions or want to take the next step, consult a reproductive specialist. We are with you on this hopeful journey.

The path to motherhood can present challenges, and one of them is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), more common than you might think. At Ingenes, we understand its effects on fertility and offer personalized solutions to accompany you in your dream of becoming a mother. What Is PCOS and how does It affect fertility? PCOS, which affects 5–10% of women of reproductive age, is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, weight changes, acne, excess hair growth, and small cysts on the ovaries. This hormonal imbalance (LH, FSH, and androgens) can disrupt ovulation and reduce your chances of conceiving. Personalized treatments for PCOS Every case is unique. At Ingenes, we design your plan according to your hormonal profile and reproductive goals. We may use clomiphene or letrozole to induce ovulation, metformin (500–2,000 mg/day) to improve metabolic function, and guide you on nutrition, exercise (150 minutes/week), and weight loss (5–10%) to restore your cycles. Never self-medicate: always consult a Reproductive Medicine specialist before taking any medication. Advanced PCOS technologies In our laboratory we use time-lapse to monitor embryo development, PGT-A to rule out genetic abnormalities, and stimulation protocols tailored to PCOS. We track your response with transvaginal ultrasounds and blood estradiol measurements. IVF: an effective option In vitro fertilization bypasses ovulatory dysfunction: we stimulate your ovaries, retrieve multiple eggs, fertilize them, and transfer the highest-quality embryo. At Ingenes, PCOS success rates exceed 60% per cycle thanks to personalized dosages and advanced vitrification. Emotional support along the way You are not alone. We know facing PCOS and treatments can be exhausting. That’s why we offer psychological counseling and support groups to accompany you with empathy and understanding. Lifestyle and fertility A Mediterranean diet—rich in vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats—along with regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and balances your hormones. Losing 5 kg can restore ovulation. Practicing mindfulness helps reduce stress and regulate your cycles. The future with PCOS PCOS doesn’t wreck your dream of becoming a mother. With advances in reproductive medicine and our personalized approach, more and more women achieve pregnancy. Visit Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: What You Should Know and read real success stories: “Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Can Have Children”. Frequently Asked Questions Can I Conceive Naturally If I Have PCOS? Yes. Regularizing your cycle with diet, exercise, and weight control often restores ovulation. Tools like basal body temperature or LH tests help you identify your fertile window. If you need more support, treatments such as clomiphene or letrozole induce ovulation in 70% of cases and achieve conception in 30–40% after six cycles. What Are the Side Effects of Medications for PCOS? Clomiphene may cause hot flashes, mood swings, or ovarian enlargement. Metformin can cause nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain, especially if you exceed 1,500 mg/day. Starting with low doses and increasing gradually reduces these effects. Your doctor will monitor your health with tests and ultrasounds. How Does Weight Loss Improve PCOS Symptoms? Losing 5–10% of your weight decreases insulin resistance, lowers androgens, and restores ovulation. Combine aerobic exercise (30 minutes, 5 days/week) with strength training. A low–glycemic index meal plan stabilizes your blood sugar and protects your long-term health. Is IVF Safe for Women with PCOS? Yes. Low-stimulation or antagonist protocols reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We adjust gonadotropin doses based on your estradiol and follicle count. Studies show IVF does not increase congenital malformations or obstetric complications in children born to patients with PCOS. Sources NIH. (2023). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. MedlinePlus. Teede H. J. et al. (2018). Recommendations from the International PCOS Network. Human Reproduction. Rojas J. et al. (2014). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Evidence-Based Overview. Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). ASRM Practice Committee Guidelines: PCOS. Fertility and Sterility. Remember that every journey is unique. We are here to support and guide your path to motherhood. Consult an assisted reproduction specialist to design the best plan for you.

Chlamydia, caused by the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia Trachomatis, is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. If left untreated, in 40% of cases the infection ascends from the cervix to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and even infertility. Fortunately, chlamydia is easily cured with antibiotics such as azithromycin (1 g PO single dose) or doxycycline (100 mg PO every 12 h for 7 days). When the fallopian tubes are damaged, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is often the best alternative to achieve pregnancy. What is chlamydia and how does it affect fertility? It is a silent infection caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis. According to the CDC, 2.8 million people contract it each year in the U.S. In women, 40% of untreated cases progress to PID, damaging ovaries, tubes, and endometrium, which hinders implantation and can lead to infertility. Cervical obstruction preventing sperm from passing. Altered ovulation and reduced oocyte quality. Formation of hydrosalpinx, blocking the tubes and increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Endometrial inflammation (endometritis), causing poor implantation. Pelvic adhesions that impede gamete transport. Pain during intercourse, reducing activity in the fertile window. What are the main symptoms? In women, 75% of infections are asymptomatic. When they appear (1–3 weeks after exposure), they may include: Abnormal vaginal discharge Genital irritation or itching Burning during urination (dysuria) Bleeding between periods Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) Pelvic pain Fever Difficulty conceiving If you notice any of these signs, refrain from intercourse and consult a specialist. Timely diagnosis and treatment prevent fertility damage. How is it transmitted and who is at risk? It spreads through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Risk increases with the number of partners. It can also be passed from mother to baby during childbirth if untreated. How is it correctly diagnosed? Diagnosis includes medical history, vaginal examination, and endocervical swab for C. Trachomatis DNA PCR. You can also use a urine test or serology. The CDC recommends annual testing for sexually active women under 25 and for anyone with new or multiple partners. Always rule out gonorrhea due to possible coinfection and, if tubal damage is suspected, schedule a transvaginal ultrasound. Treatments and options for seeking pregnancy after chlamydia Azithromycin 1 g PO single dose Doxycycline 100 mg PO every 12 h for 7 days Do not self-medicate. Avoid sex until 7 days after completing therapy and ensure your partner is treated too. Perform a follow-up test 3 weeks after treatment. If tubal damage prevents natural conception, IVF bypasses damaged tubes, retrieves eggs directly, fertilizes them in the lab, and transfers embryos with high implantation rates. Frequently Asked Questions Does it always cause symptoms? No. 75% of women and 50% of men are asymptomatic. It is often detected during STI screenings or when investigating fertility issues. That’s why annual testing is recommended for young women. Can infertility from chronic chlamydia be cured? It depends on the damage. If tubes are blocked or there are severe adhesions, natural pregnancy is difficult. IVF is the most effective alternative. In mild damage, surgical repair or prolonged antibiotics may help. Can I get pregnant after treatment? Yes, once bacterial eradication is confirmed (post-treatment test 3–4 weeks later). Continue follow-up with a reproductive specialist if you have had PID or difficulty conceiving. How to prevent reinfection? Use condoms every time, limit the number of partners, and get regular tests. Both partners should be treated simultaneously and wait at least 7 days after medication before resuming sex. Sources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc.sti.2023 World Health Organization. (2022). Chlamydia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia Haggerty, C. L. et al. (2010). Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 201(Suppl 2), S134–S155. https://doi.org/10.1086/652395 MedlinePlus. (2023). Chlamydia Infections. https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html We know this journey can be tough. You are not alone. If you have questions or need a personalized plan, consult an assisted reproduction specialist: together we’ll find the best path for your family.

At Ingenes we understand that every journey to motherhood or fatherhood is unique. Here we outline the main fertility treatments, how they work and how our cutting-edge technology and personalized protocols support you every step of the way. Artificial insemination: what it is and when to consider it Artificial insemination places washed sperm (0.5–1 mL) directly into the uterus near ovulation. It’s ideal if your partner has mild male infertility, no specific cause is found or there’s an issue with cervical mucus. At Ingenes we personalize hormonal stimulation and the timing of the procedure according to your cycle, increasing success rates without resorting to more invasive treatments. Never self-medicate: always consult a specialist. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): What it involves and who benefits IVF combines eggs and sperm in the laboratory. After ovarian stimulation with 150–300 IU of gonadotropins daily, we retrieve mature oocytes, fertilize them in a culture medium and transfer the highest-quality embryo (8–10 cells on day 3 or blastocyst on day 5) into the uterus. It’s recommended for tubal factor, endometriosis, severe male infertility or if insemination has failed. Before starting, consult a Reproductive Medicine specialist. Prior recommendations: maintain your physical and emotional health. We help you prepare holistically. ICSI: When microinjection is the best solution ICSI injects a single sperm directly into the egg, ideal for severe oligozoospermia, azoospermia, low motility or previous fertilization failures. Our embryologists use high-precision micromanipulators to ensure each oocyte receives a viable sperm, overcoming male infertility barriers. Egg or Sperm Donation: When to consider it If gamete quality is suboptimal, a donor may be the solution. Candidates undergo genetic, infectious and psychological screening; we match donors by physical characteristics and medical history. We can use fresh or frozen embryos and our success rates exceed 60% per transfer. All under strict confidentiality and constant support. At Ingenes we combine experience and advanced technology to support you from the first consultation through embryo transfer and beyond. Our team provides attentive, dedicated care. Visit Your Journey to Motherhood to learn more and take the next step on your path to parenthood. Frequently Asked Questions What should I do before starting fertility treatments? Schedule a comprehensive evaluation: hormonal profile (FSH, LH, AMH) and pelvic ultrasound. Achieving a BMI of 18.5–24.9, quitting smoking and taking 400 µg of folic acid daily optimizes receptivity. Avoid self-medication and always consult your specialist. How do I know if I need ICSI instead of IVF? ICSI is recommended when concentration is under 5 million/mL, motility drops below 32% or after failed IVF cycles. Advanced semen analyses and genetic tests guide this decision along with your reproductive history. Can I use donor gametes if I have a genetic condition? Yes. If you carry hereditary mutations (BRCA1/2, cystic fibrosis), using a donor reduces risks. We conduct exhaustive genetic screening on donors and offer genetic counseling to help you make the best choice. What are the effects of ovarian stimulation? Common effects include bloating and mood changes. Rarely (1–2%) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome may occur: abdominal pain, nausea and fluid retention. We monitor estradiol levels and follicles by ultrasound to adjust doses and prevent complications. Sources American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Committee Opinion No. 814. Fertility and Sterility, 118(2), 484–495 (2022). Practice Committee ASRM. Diagnostic Evaluation of the Infertile Female. Fertility and Sterility, 116(3), 673–684 (2021). MedlinePlus. Intrauterine insemination (2023). MedlinePlus. In vitro fertilization (2023). We are with you at every step. If you have doubts or need personalized guidance, consult a Reproductive Medicine specialist to guide and support you on this hopeful journey.