In this article, we clarify how motherhood and pregnancy are experienced with a disability, and we offer advice for future moms and dads to explore the options provided by Assisted Reproductive Technologies. According to the World Health Organization, disability arises from the interaction between a person’s health conditions and personal or environmental factors. When thinking about disability, one often imagines a wheelchair, but there are actually multiple forms of disability: Physical: difficulties moving. Psychological: cognitive barriers affecting personal or social development. Communication: obstacles to speaking, seeing, hearing, or reading. What does becoming pregnant with a disability entail? 15% of the world’s population lives with some form of disability. In the U.S., 26% of adults have a disability, and 1 in 4 women is affected. Anyone can experience a disability, temporary or permanent. (WHO, 2021) Why is there discrimination against pregnant women with disabilities? Despite progress in equality, a lack of awareness about the daily lives of people with disabilities leads to stigma and discrimination. Everyone has the right to access quality healthcare without distinction. The UN Convention Article 25 guarantees the right to receive excellent medical care without discrimination. How often do women with disabilities become pregnant? Many women with disabilities conceive naturally since their reproductive health functions normally. Only certain conditions, like spinal cord injuries, require Assisted Reproduction. Assisted reproduction options for women with disabilities In cases of quadriplegia or paraplegia, natural conception is usually impossible. The most effective solutions are adapted technologies, such as: Artificial insemination: recommended for those under 35 with normal ovarian reserve and a partner with healthy semen parameters. In vitro fertilization (IVF): higher success rates, ideal for those over 35 or with reproductive challenges. How to prepare for a pregnancy with a disability Planning is crucial. Consult a fertility specialist before a general gynecologist if you’re considering assisted reproduction. Find inspiration in real stories like “Pregnant Together: Overcoming Infertility with Assisted Reproduction” and learn about your rights in reproductive rights and ARTs. Recommendations during pregnancy with a disability Plan with your doctor: set goals and avoid self-medication. Seek testimonials: read experiences like “The Disabled Woman’s Guide to Pregnancy and Birth” or stories on our testimonials blog. Adopt new routines: adapted exercise, balanced diet, or psychological therapy, always under medical supervision. Key questions for your assisted reproduction specialist Before starting any treatment, ask about success rates, risks, medication dosages, and lifestyle changes. Consulting an Assisted Reproduction expert increases your chances of success. References World Health Organization. (2021). Disability and health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Disability Impacts All of Us Infographic. United Nations. (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 25. Rogers, J. (2015). The Disabled Woman’s Guide to Pregnancy and Birth. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can I Get Pregnant with a Severe Physical Disability? In most cases, fertility is unaffected, except for spinal cord injuries that complicate natural conception. Artificial insemination and IVF are valid options. 2. What Precautions Should I Take for a Safe Pregnancy? Plan with your doctor, maintain a balanced diet, do adapted exercises, and avoid self-medication. Seek support networks and testimonials to feel accompanied. 3. How Do My Reproductive Rights Affect Access to Treatments? Reproductive rights guarantee nondiscriminatory care. UN Convention Article 25 supports your access to comprehensive reproductive health services. 4. Which Technique Has the Highest Success Rate? IVF typically offers better results, especially for those over 35 or with risk factors. Artificial insemination is less invasive and suitable for younger cases with good ovarian reserve. Remember: every case is unique. Always seek guidance from an Assisted Reproduction specialist to receive the best support and increase your chances of success.

Sexual and reproductive education matters to everyone. From adolescence to adulthood, understanding our bodies and health is key. Without proper information, myths arise that can affect our lives. At Ingenes, we believe knowledge gives you the power to live healthier and with hope. What is sexual and reproductive education and why is it important? It’s clear, evidence-based information on anatomy, the menstrual cycle, consent, contraceptive methods (pills with 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol), and STI prevention. We talk about respect and informed decisions to reduce unintended pregnancies and diseases. How does sexual education reduce health risks? It teaches safe practices, like using a condom correctly (0.05 mm latex) and when to see a doctor. Informed people have 50% fewer unintended pregnancies and lower rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea. Do not self-medicate: always seek reliable sources. What does Ingenes do in reproductive health? We focus on fertility within a holistic approach. We offer workshops, webinars, and counseling on menstrual health, hormonal balance (estrogen levels in pg/mL), and fertility. Learn more at World Sexual Health Day. How do we debunk myths and taboos? We dispel ideas like “you can’t get pregnant during your period” or “IVF fails after 40” using studies and expert consensus. We create a shame-free space for you to ask questions and clear doubts. Why does understanding your fertility matter? It’s not just for those who want to conceive. Signals like a 0.3 °C rise in basal temperature or cervical mucus help you plan or address conditions like PCOS. Before taking any medication, consult a reproductive specialist. Tools to improve your reproductive health Use tracking apps (28 ± 2 day cycles), symptom diaries, and regular check-ups. Read also Let’s talk about reproductive health for habits that boost your fertility. Where are we headed? We incorporate findings on endocrine disruptors (ng/kg body weight) and update resources with your voice. We aim for a community of trust and empathy. Knowledge is power. At Ingenes, we accompany you every step of the way. Frequently Asked Questions 1. At what age should it start? From ages 9–10 with information about the body and respect. Over time, topics like consent and contraception are addressed. This lays a solid foundation for decisions in adolescence and adulthood. 2. Does it impact mental health? Yes. Comprehensive programs work on self-esteem, boundaries, and emotions. Well-informed adolescents show less anxiety and depression related to sexuality. 3. What to do with irregular cycles? Record duration, flow, and symptoms. Cycles under 21 days or over 35 may indicate PCOS or thyroid issues. Consult a specialist: they will analyze progesterone (ng/mL) and perform ultrasounds for a personalized plan. 4. Are fertility apps reliable? They help recognize patterns but do not guarantee contraception. Combine them with physical signs and medical guidance for better results. Sources Consulted CDC. Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/index.html MedlinePlus. Menstrual Cycle. 2023. https://medlineplus.gov/menstrualcycle.html WHO. Sexual and reproductive health and research. 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research ACOG. FAQ: Menstrual Cycle. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004066 We are with you on this journey. If you are trying to conceive or have questions, consult a fertility specialist for the best guidance and support.

In a society where turning 40 without a partner but with the dream of becoming a mother may seem challenging, we want to remind you that this stage is not the end, but the beginning of a journey full of hope. Here you will find clear and approachable information about your fertility options and how Ingenes accompanies you step by step. How does being 40 affect my fertility and what can I do? At 40, ovarian reserve decreases by about 3% each year after 35, but that doesn’t close the door on motherhood. At Ingenes we analyze your hormonal profile, anti-Müllerian hormone levels (AMH in ng/mL) and antral follicle count (AFC) to offer you a fully personalized plan. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most effective alternatives. In this process, sperm and eggs are combined in 2 mL of culture medium per egg and cultured to the blastocyst stage. With implantation rates that can exceed 40% in women under 42, stories like this experience show how encouraging the journey can be. What is egg donation and when is it recommended? Egg donation involves using eggs from a young, healthy donor for IVF. It’s ideal if your AMH is below 1 ng/mL or if you’ve had failed implantation attempts. At Ingenes we support you from donor selection, genetic testing (PGT-A) and cycle synchronization, to embryo transfer. Cases like this single mother at 43 speak of positive results and renewed confidence. How can I prepare for motherhood after 40? Becoming a mom at 40 requires emotional and practical preparation. Adjust your home to welcome the baby and organize your routine with 8 hours of sleep and moments for yourself. Consult a nutritionist: a diet of 1,800–2,200 kcal daily, with 1.2 g/kg of protein, 400 µg of folic acid and 18 mg of iron. A reproductive endocrinologist will adjust doses and supplements and remind you not to self-medicate. Why is emotional support essential? Waiting, hormones and results can generate anxiety. At Ingenes we have psychologists who use cognitive-behavioral therapy so you can manage stress and strengthen your resilience. A MedlinePlus study (2022) shows that emotional support improves treatment adherence by 30%. Remember: before taking any medication, consult a reproductive specialist. What are the risks and benefits of being a mother after 40? Risks include preeclampsia or gestational diabetes (up to 20%) and a slight increase in chromosomal abnormalities. That’s why we recommend non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and, if necessary, amniocentesis. Benefits include economic and emotional stability, greater maturity and a consolidated support network, which make parenting easier. How do I care for my mental health during the process? Mental health is as key as physical health. Practice mindfulness or prenatal yoga to lower cortisol by up to 25%. Join support groups: sharing removes loneliness. If you experience emotional swings, seek professional help. At Ingenes we collaborate with perinatal psychiatrists who provide the necessary support under supervision. What physical health habits promote a healthy pregnancy? Do moderate exercise (30 minutes daily of walking or swimming) and periodic check-ups with your gynecologist. Monitor your blood pressure and glucose every trimester. Avoid tobacco and alcohol, limit caffeine to 200 mg/day and maintain a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m² to optimize implantation. How to financially plan motherhood as a single mother at 40? The cost of IVF with egg donation ranges from USD 8,000 to 12,000. Add consultations, hormones (~USD 1,200 per cycle) and genetic tests. Create a monthly budget that includes childcare, insurance and emergency savings. A financial advisor can help you plan long term. Choosing to become a mother at 40 is an act of courage. At Ingenes we support you with cutting-edge technology and comprehensive care: emotional, physical and financial. We’re here to turn your dream into reality. Frequently Asked Questions What is the success rate of IVF in 40-year-old women? The average success rate of IVF in 40-year-old women ranges from 25% to 35% per cycle. With advanced techniques like PGT-A, Ingenes has reached up to 40% in optimal cases. Every case is unique; your personalized protocol can improve these results. How long does the entire assisted reproduction process take? From initial analysis to embryo transfer takes 4 to 6 weeks: hormone studies, ultrasounds every 3–4 days, ovarian stimulation with FSH/LH and follicular puncture under local anesthesia. With egg donation it can extend to 8 weeks due to cycle synchronization. Is the follicular puncture procedure painful? It is performed under local anesthesia or light sedation, and most experience minimal discomfort. After the procedure you may have cramps or swelling that resolve in 24–48 hours. We prescribe paracetamol 500 mg every 6 hours and recommend relative rest for 48 hours. Our team is available 24/7. Can I donate my own eggs if successful and share them with other women? At Ingenes we follow anonymity and consent guidelines. A patient may not donate her eggs after a personal cycle. However, you can participate in “solidarity donation” programs after a 3-month recovery period and medical and psychological criteria are met. Sources American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2023). Fertility Facts and Figures. https://www.asrm.org/ MedlinePlus. (2022). Assisted Reproductive Technology. https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2021). Role of Donor Egg IVF. Fertility and Sterility, 115(2), 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.031 World Health Organization. (2020). WHO recommendations on infertility interventions. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550173 We accompany you at every step of this journey. If you have questions or want to start your treatment, consult an assisted reproduction specialist. We’re here to help you fulfill your dream of becoming a mother or father!

Male infertility is present in over 40% of couples experiencing difficulty conceiving. A testicular biopsy helps determine the cause and act precisely so nothing stands in the way of your dream of becoming a father. What is male infertility and how is it detected? Male infertility encompasses any alteration in sperm concentration, motility, or morphology. The first step is a semen analysis that measures: Ejaculate volume (mL) Sperm concentration (million/mL) Sperm motility (%) and morphology (%) If after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse pregnancy hasn’t occurred, or if you’ve had recurrent miscarriages, consult an Assisted Reproduction specialist. Avoid self-medication and seek professional guidance. For a complete diagnosis, review our guide on keys to an accurate diagnosis. When is a testicular biopsy indicated? It’s recommended when the semen analysis shows: Azoospermia: total absence of sperm Oligospermia: low concentration (< 15 million/mL) Chromosomal or structural semen abnormalities It’s also useful in cases of vas deferens obstruction (due to vasectomy or malformation), cystic fibrosis, or infections. The biopsy yields testicular tissue to analyze sperm production and, if possible, use sperm in Assisted Reproduction treatments. Fertility expert at the Ingenes Laboratory. How is a testicular biopsy performed? It’s a minor procedure lasting 30–45 minutes: Local anesthesia in the scrotum 2–3 mm incisions in the testicular skin Extraction of tissue fragments (5–10 mg each) Suturing with absorbable or self-dissolving stitches Sending the sample to the Andrology laboratory The embryologist examines the seminiferous tubules under a microscope to locate sperm. If viable sperm are found, they can be used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) during IVF. What will you feel after the biopsy? In the first 48–72 hours it’s normal to experience: Mild to moderate discomfort in the testicular area Scrotal swelling or edema Bruising or small hematomas These symptoms improve within a week with relative rest and mild analgesics. Avoid high-impact sports and sexual activity until your specialist approves. How does the testicular biopsy aid your treatment? If we retrieve sperm, we use them in techniques like ICSI to fertilize eggs in vitro and increase your chances of a successful pregnancy. Always consult an Assisted Reproduction specialist before this step. With an accurate diagnosis, you’ll choose the most successful treatment in the shortest possible time. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. Is a testicular biopsy painful? Local anesthesia minimizes pain. Afterwards, mild discomfort may occur, relieved by common analgesics. Most patients recover in less than a week. If you experience intense pain, fever, or excessive bleeding, contact your doctor immediately. Do not self-medicate. 2. When will I have the results? Histological analysis takes 48–72 hours. The pathologist assesses spermatogenesis, atrophy, and possible abnormalities. With the results, your specialist will propose the most suitable treatment plan. 3. Is it safe? It’s a low-risk procedure (complications < 1%). Inflammation, infection, or mild bleeding may occur. To reduce risks, follow pre- and postoperative instructions: hygiene, rest, and supportive underwear. 4. Can I recover natural sperm production? If the issue is reversible (infection, varicocele, or partial obstruction), production may improve after surgical treatment or antibiotics. In non-obstructive azoospermia, direct extraction and IVF are options. Your specialist will guide you based on the diagnosis. Sources Consulted Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2019). Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male. Fertility and Sterility, 112(4), 687–701. MedlinePlus. (2022). Testicular Biopsy. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Kumar, N., & Singh, A. K. (2015). Trends of male factor infertility. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 8(4), 191–196. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (6th ed.). Remember that every case is unique. We’re with you on this journey and recommend consulting a fertilization specialist for the most appropriate guidance and treatment.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is not just ovaries with cysts: it’s a hormonal imbalance that impacts your overall health, from metabolism to mood. Here you’ll learn what PCOS is, why it occurs, how it’s diagnosed, available treatments, and possible long-term effects. What is PCOS and what does it mean? PCOS commonly occurs in women of reproductive age. Its main signs are: Irregular or absent menstrual cycles Excess androgens: hirsutism, acne, hair loss Ovaries with a polycystic appearance on ultrasound Additionally, PCOS affects your insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile, and emotional well-being. Do not self-medicate: a specialist must make a proper diagnosis. What causes PCOS and who is at risk? There’s no single cause: genetic and environmental factors play a role: Insulin resistance, which triggers androgen production Hormonal imbalance: high testosterone and LH levels Family history of PCOS If your goal is pregnancy, consult a Reproductive Medicine specialist before taking any medication. How is PCOS diagnosed? The Rotterdam criteria require two of three: Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea Hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (more than 12 follicles of 2–9 mm or volume ≥ 10 mL) Treatments to manage PCOS There’s no definitive cure, but effective management options include: Diet and exercise: losing 5–10% of body weight improves insulin sensitivity and regulates cycles Oral contraceptives and antiandrogens like spironolactone Fertility therapies: clomiphene and gonadotropins IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques: advanced options Long-term consequences Fertility: anovulation complicates conception, but with treatment many achieve pregnancy Metabolic syndrome: increased risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia Cardiovascular system: hypertension, high cholesterol, early atherosclerosis Mental health: anxiety and depression; psychological support helps Pregnancy: higher likelihood of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth PCOS is a red flag for your health: a multidisciplinary approach with nutrition, gynecology, endocrinology, and emotional support makes all the difference. FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can it improve with lifestyle changes alone? You’ll see significant improvement with a balanced diet (high in fiber, low in refined sugars) and exercise (150 min/week). Losing 5–10% of body weight helps restore ovulation and reduce insulin resistance. Ongoing management is still required. 2. Can I get pregnant with polycystic ovaries? Yes. With ovulation induction (clomiphene, letrozole) or assisted reproduction (IVF) many women achieve pregnancy. Early diagnosis and a personalized plan are key. Do not self-medicate. 3. How does PCOS affect the heart? It increases your risk of hypertension and dyslipidemia, accelerating atherosclerosis. Monitor blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol, and adopt healthy habits to prevent future issues. 4. What tests are required for diagnosis? Pelvic ultrasound plus tests for LH, FSH, estradiol, free testosterone, prolactin, and TSH. Also a glucose tolerance test and lipid profile. Everything is interpreted alongside your symptoms and medical history. Sources Goodarzi, M. O., et al. (2011). Polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 7(4), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.217 Legro, R. S., et al. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(12), 4565–4592. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2350 MedlinePlus. (2023). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018). Practice Bulletin No. 194: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 132(1), e157–e173. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002658 Remember that every body is unique. If you’re seeking fertility or PCOS management, consult a fertility specialist. You’re not alone on this journey!

Ovarian cancer is one of the toughest health challenges women of reproductive age can face. Beyond fighting the disease, many immediately wonder how to protect their desire to become mothers. Here we clearly explore how ovarian cancer can influence fertility and what paths exist to preserve the hope of having children. We will look in detail at what ovarian cancer is, how it is detected, how its treatments can affect you, and what preservation and parenthood options are available before and after. A personalized and humane approach can make all the difference. What is ovarian cancer and how is it diagnosed? It occurs when ovarian cells grow uncontrollably. The most common type is high-grade serous carcinoma. Early detection is difficult because symptoms are mild or mistaken for other ailments. Some risk factors include: Age over 50 Family history of ovarian or breast cancer BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutations Endometriosis Never having had children But it can occur in younger women, raising concerns about future fertility. How does ovarian cancer treatment affect fertility? These treatments can damage your ability to conceive: Surgery: Sometimes one or both ovaries and/or fallopian tubes must be removed. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy: Can damage the ovaries and cause premature ovarian failure. Hormonal disruption: May halt ovarian function sooner than expected. Each case is different depending on cancer stage, treatment, and your motherhood plans. What fertility preservation options are available before treatment? When the diagnosis allows, it is possible to freeze eggs, embryos, or ovarian tissue before starting cancer treatment. 1. Egg freezing The ovary is stimulated to retrieve multiple eggs, which are then vitrified for future use. Advantages: You preserve your own eggs. Ideal for young women without a partner or who prefer to postpone fertilization. 2. Embryo freezing If you have a partner or accept donor sperm, eggs are fertilized and embryos are frozen. Advantages: High survival rate and viability of embryos. 3. Ovarian tissue preservation Experimental technique: tissue is removed and frozen for reimplantation after treatment. Advantages: Quick when there’s no time for stimulation. Disadvantages: Less available and still under study. Parenthood options after treatment If you couldn’t preserve or your ovaries were damaged, there are still alternatives: 1. Donor eggs IVF is performed with a donor’s eggs and sperm from your partner or a donor. 2. Surrogacy If your uterus cannot carry a pregnancy or there is a risk of recurrence, another woman carries the pregnancy. 3. Adoption It is a legal, loving option to create your family. Medical and emotional factors post-cancer When to try pregnancy: Generally recommended to wait 2 to 5 years after treatment. Medical follow-up: Ultrasounds, hormone tests, and tumor markers ensure safety. Psychological support: Essential to manage the emotional process. Why choose a specialized center? A team expert in assisted reproduction, like Ingenes, offers: Ovarian reserve assessment Egg or embryo freezing before treatment Personalized IVF programs Genetic counseling for BRCA mutations Continuous emotional support Key questions for your doctor How will my treatment affect my fertility? Can I delay treatment to preserve eggs or embryos? Which preservation method is best for me? How long should I wait before trying to conceive? How does my genetics influence my reproductive plans? Do not self-medicate without professional advice. Every decision impacts your health and your chances of becoming a parent. Rely on assisted reproduction experts to answer your questions and map the path that best fits your situation. You are not alone on this journey!

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) accompanies many women beyond their fertile years and often has a familial basis. Here we explain its symptoms and how it manifests at each stage of life. At what age can PCOS be detected in girls? Before age 11 and without having had their first period, a PCOS diagnosis is uncommon. From age 11 onward, a specialist can assess early signs, although before menarche there aren’t always menstrual irregularities. PCOS symptoms during adolescence Illustration of ovaries with PCOS During adolescence, PCOS signs can be mistaken for normal puberty changes. Watch for: Irregular cycles: amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea Acne or skin blemishes Excess hair growth or hair loss Muscle development with smaller breasts Precocious puberty before ages 8–9 PCOS in early adulthood Claudia, an Ingenes mom living with PCOS Between ages 20 and 30, PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder and can hinder conception. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining an appropriate weight help balance hormones and support ovulation. PCOS and menopause Although large studies are lacking, women with long-term PCOS have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes due to elevated testosterone levels and insulin resistance. Can you conceive with PCOS? Claudia on her delivery day Consult your gynecologist and fertility specialist to design a personalized assisted reproduction plan. Options include: Ovulation induction and timed intercourse Using Clomiphene (Omnifin or others) to stimulate ovulation while avoiding hyperstimulation through monitoring. Combined with Timed Intercourse, intercourse is synchronized with ovulation. Ideal if you’re under 35 with no other factors. When to recommend in vitro fertilization? If induction is unsuccessful, your specialist may suggest up to 4 IVF cycles. Eggs are retrieved, fertilized in the lab, and the best embryos are transferred. Success rates depend on age, egg quality, and embryo selection. At Ingenes, with our Initial Program you’ll receive a complete fertility assessment and a personalized treatment plan. Start planning your life with your baby today. Read “My Pregnancy with Polycystic Ovary at Age 36” and discover success stories. To learn more about PCOS visit “PCOS: What You Should Know to Have Your Baby”. Frequently asked questions PCOS diagnosis in adolescents Clinical evaluation, ultrasound, and hormonal tests (LH, FSH, testosterone, insulin) are combined. Ultrasound can show multiple small follicles (2–9 mm) in the ovary. Early diagnosis allows lifestyle adjustments to reduce insulin resistance and regulate menstruation. What lifestyle changes help? A balanced diet low in simple sugars and high in fiber controls insulin. Aerobic exercise (30 min, 5 times/week) supports weight management and reduces androgens. Stress management techniques like yoga or meditation improve hormonal balance. Always consult your doctor before taking supplements or starting restrictive diets. Can women over 35 with PCOS conceive naturally? Ovarian reserve declines with age, but natural conception is possible if cycles are regular and lifestyle is healthy. Weight loss in overweight women can restore ovulation. If irregularity persists after 6–12 months of trying, seek expert help to increase your chances. Long-term risks of PCOS PCOS increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer due to chronic anovulation and hyperinsulinemia. Regular checks of glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and blood pressure are key. Hormonal treatments and metformin can reduce these risks. Sources American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Practice Bulletin No. 194: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 137(2), e1–e19. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004255 MedlinePlus. (2023). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/pcos.html Fauser, B. C., Tarlatzis, B. C., Rebar, R. W., Legro, R. S., Balen, A. H., Lobo, R., et al. (2012). Consensus on Women’s Health Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Fertility and Sterility, 97(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024 Legro, R. S., Arslanian, S. A., Ehrmann, D. A., Hoeger, K. M., Murad, M. H., Pasquali, R., et al. (2013). Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(12), 4565–4592. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2350 Remember: every body is different. Stay informed, take care of your health, and seek the guidance of an assisted reproduction specialist to turn your desire to become a parent into reality.

Argentine singer María Becerra, 25, recently suffered another ectopic pregnancy. Sharing her experience helps break the stigma: this condition can affect women and men at any stage of life. At Ingenes we support you with medical and emotional care. Discover what an ectopic pregnancy is, why it can recur, and what your options are. What is an ectopic pregnancy and how does it happen? An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. It affects 1 in 50 pregnancies and, if not identified in time, can be life-threatening. Never self-medicate; early diagnosis includes transvaginal ultrasound and blood hCG measurement (mIU/mL). What are the risk factors for recurrence? If you’ve had an ectopic pregnancy before, the risk of it happening again rises to 10–15%. Other factors: pelvic infections, tubal surgeries, and anatomical abnormalities. Before choosing a treatment, consult a reproductive specialist to increase your chances of a healthy pregnancy. How does it affect you emotionally and what support is available? The psychological impact can be as strong as the physical: grief, anxiety, and fear of another loss are common reactions. In Ectopic Pregnancy: Can I Have Children After This? you’ll find success rates and follow-up options for tubal function. At Ingenes we have psychologists and assisted reproduction specialists offering cognitive-behavioral therapy and support groups. Helena’s story, who overcame endometriosis with professional support, shows that resilience and proper care make a difference. What medical treatments exist and when to consider them? Options include methotrexate (50 mg/m² IM) or laparoscopic surgery. The decision depends on the size of the ectopic mass, hCG levels, and your hemodynamic stability. In case of hemoperitoneum or severe abdominal pain, surgery is prioritized. After treatment, hCG is monitored every 48 hours until levels drop below 5 mIU/mL. It’s recommended to wait 3–6 months before trying for a new pregnancy to reduce risks. Importance of early detection Recognize symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or dizziness and see a doctor without delay. Recommendations for emotional care Sharing your experience with professionals and support groups eases the emotional burden. Don’t isolate yourself and ask your doctor for mental health resources. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Can I get pregnant after an ectopic pregnancy? Yes. More than 65% of patients achieve an intrauterine pregnancy within 18 months after treatment. The prognosis depends on tubal function and the type of intervention received. Check success rates and make a plan with your specialist. 2. How long should I wait to try again? Usually 3–6 months, during which your hCG levels normalize and your body recovers. Your doctor will assess your overall health, ovarian reserve (AMH in ng/mL), and recurrence risk before giving you the green light. 3. What care should I take after treatment? Monitor your hCG levels until they are undetectable (< 5 mIU/mL). Follow rest recommendations, avoid intense exercise, and maintain a balanced diet with at least 1.0 g/kg of protein daily to support healing. Attend all follow-up appointments: ultrasound confirms resolution and rules out complications. 4. How to manage the psychological impact? Talking to a specialized psychologist reduces the risk of anxiety and depression. Group therapy provides practical tools and emotional support. At Ingenes we offer individual and group sessions to help you regain confidence in your body. Sources consulted American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Ectopic Pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004617 MedlinePlus. (2023). Ectopic pregnancy. https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy: A committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 114(5), 993-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.07.001 World Health Organization. (2018). Safe abortion: Technical and policy guidance for health systems. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/70914 We want you to know that you are not alone on this journey. Every story is unique and your well-being matters. If you suspect you have an ectopic pregnancy or seek guidance for your next steps, consult a specialist in assisted reproduction. We are here to support you.

Every May 28 we celebrate Nutrition Day, a perfect date to reflect on how diet influences our health and, especially, our fertility. Although we often associate nutrition with weight or energy, few know that a balanced diet is key to increasing your chances of pregnancy. In this article we explain how a proper diet can support fertility, why at Ingenes we place so much importance on this aspect, and what changes you can adopt if you’re trying to have a baby. Why is nutrition essential for fertility? Fertility doesn’t depend solely on reproductive organs. Hormonal balance, cellular function, and metabolism are fueled by what we eat. A diet lacking vitamins and minerals can cause polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovulation disorders, or premature ovarian insufficiency in women, and in men it can affect sperm count, motility, and morphology. At Ingenes we assess your eating habits before any treatment and design a personalized plan to optimize hormone production, egg maturation, and uterine receptivity. Key nutrients to improve your fertility 1. Folic acid (400–800 µg/day) Essential for DNA synthesis and cell division. In women it improves egg quality and neural tube development; in men it increases sperm count and motility. Sources: spinach, lentils, broccoli, avocado, fortified cereals. 2. Zinc (8–12 mg/day) Regulates menstrual cycles and testosterone levels. In men it’s key for spermatogenesis. Sources: lean meats, seafood, pumpkin seeds, nuts. 3. Omega-3 (1–2 g/day) Its anti-inflammatory properties improve uterine blood flow and embryo implantation. In men it enhances sperm motility and membrane fluidity. Sources: salmon, sardines, flaxseed, walnuts. 4. Iron (18 mg/day women; 8 mg/day men) Prevents anemia and supports ovulatory function. Sources: red meat, legumes, spinach, fortified whole grains. 5. Antioxidants (Vitamin C 75 mg/day; Vitamin E 15 mg/day; Selenium 55 µg/day) Protect germ cells from oxidative stress. Sources: citrus fruits, berries, peppers, almonds, sunflower seeds. How does a poor diet affect fertility treatments? A diet high in refined sugars, trans fats, and ultraprocessed foods can: Increase insulin resistance (linked to PCOS). Disrupt ovulation and cycle regularity. Raise chronic inflammation. Reduce sperm DNA integrity. Hinder endometrial receptivity. These metabolic imbalances lower success rates in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Which diet supports assisted reproduction treatments? We recommend a Mediterranean-style diet: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. This pattern has shown: Better ovarian response. Higher quality eggs and embryos. Increased implantation rates. At Ingenes we create personalized nutrition plans based on clinical data and your lifestyle. Learn more about the importance of nutrition in your fertility treatment. Adaptations for PCOS, endometriosis, or thyroid conditions PCOS Choose low glycemic carbs, high-fiber foods, and lean proteins to control insulin. Avoid sugary drinks and refined flours. Endometriosis Include anti-inflammatory foods like fatty fish, turmeric, and leafy greens. Reduce red meat and ultraprocessed foods that may increase inflammation. Hypothyroidism Ensure adequate iodine, selenium, and vitamin D. Cook goitrogenic foods (raw broccoli, soy) well and maintain regular meal schedules. Male nutrition matters too Up to 40% of infertility causes involve male factors. A diet rich in antioxidants, lean proteins, and omega-3 improves: Sperm count, motility, and morphology. DNA integrity. Hormonal balance. Avoid alcohol, tobacco, processed meats, and excess caffeine. Nutrition services at Ingenes Individual assessments with fertility nutritionists. Diet plans for PCOS, low ovarian reserve, or autoimmune conditions. Multidisciplinary coordination with gynecology, reproductive biology, and psychology. Supplementation guidance before IVF, IUI, vitrification, or egg donation. Discover how tailored nutrition boosts your treatment at Ingenes. Celebrate Nutrition Day and nurture your fertility May 28 is a reminder to feed your body with intention. Simple changes—swap soda for water, add berries to your breakfast, or choose grilled fish instead of fried—can make a difference in your reproductive health. Remember, no advice replaces a specialist’s opinion. If you want to increase your chances of pregnancy, consult an assisted reproduction expert. We’re with you on this journey and we believe in you!