When considering assisted reproduction treatments, the two most common options are Artificial Insemination (AI) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Although both aim to achieve pregnancy, their success rates and complexity levels differ greatly. Below we break down their differences so you can make the best decision for your situation. Quick takeaway: IVF usually offers higher success rates and is the ideal choice if you want to maximize your chances.
What is AI and how does it work?
Artificial Insemination (AI) is a low-complexity procedure. It involves placing processed sperm (0.5–1 mL) into the uterine cavity during ovulation to facilitate fertilization. It’s perfect for couples with mild infertility or single women desiring motherhood. Never self-medicate: always consult a specialist.
Types of AI
- Intravaginal (IV): sperm placed near the cervix.
- Intracervical (IC): deposited in the cervical canal.
- Intrauterine (IU): the most common: direct injection into the uterus.
- Tuboperitoneal (TP): a mix of uterine and peritoneal deposition.
- Intratubal (IT): placed in the fallopian tube.
- Intrafollicular (IF): injected into ovarian follicles.
Who can benefit?
Women under 35 with good ovarian reserve, couples with mildly reduced sperm motility, or those seeking a less invasive option. Success rates range from 10% to 20% per cycle in women under 35 and decrease with age or additional factors.
What is IVF and why consider it?
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an advanced treatment with over 40 years of development. Eggs and sperm are fertilized in the lab, the best embryos are selected, and genetic testing can be performed if needed. Its success rates far exceed those of AI.
Steps of IVF
- Ovarian stimulation: gonadotropin injections to produce multiple follicles.
- Egg retrieval: ultrasound-guided aspiration under sedation.
- Fertilization: eggs and sperm combined in culture medium.
- Embryo culture: 3–5 days monitored in an incubator.
- Transfer: placement of 1–2 embryos into the uterus.
Ideal candidates
- Blocked fallopian tubes
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Poor sperm quality
- Advanced maternal age (35+)
Consult a reproductive specialist before making any decisions.
Comparison: AI vs. IVF
- Invasiveness: AI is minimal; IVF involves injections, retrieval, and transfer.
- Success rates: AI 10%–20% per cycle (<35); IVF up to 65%–75% in optimal candidates.
- Cost-benefit: AI is cheaper per cycle but may require multiple attempts; IVF is more expensive but often succeeds in fewer attempts.
When to choose IVF over AI?
- Failure in ≥ 3 AI cycles
- Severe male factor
- History of endometriosis or tubal surgery
- Advanced maternal age seeking higher success rates
For more options, see Timed Intercourse vs. AI: Which Is Best for You?
Key points
- Do not self-medicate: seek medical advice.
- AI is less invasive but has lower success rates, especially after 35.
- IVF offers the best chance in complex cases.
- A specialist tailors treatment to your needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does an AI or IVF Cycle Take?
AI: 2–4 weeks (follicle monitoring and a 5–10 minute procedure without sedation). IVF: 6–8 weeks (10–14 days of stimulation, retrieval, 3–5 days of culture, and transfer).
Is It Painful?
AI: mild discomfort similar to a gynecological exam. IVF: abdominal bloating and sensitivity during stimulation; retrieval is done under sedation, and post-op cramping lasts 24–48 hours.
Can I Use Donors?
Yes. Both treatments allow egg or sperm donation if there’s genetic risk, low ovarian reserve, or poor sperm quality. Check legality and costs.
What About Multiple Pregnancies?
AI: 10%–15% if multiple follicles are stimulated. IVF: 1–2 embryos transferred, twin rate of 20% or less. Multi-Cycle Solutions programs help transfer a single embryo over multiple cycles to reduce risks.
Sources
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2022). Guidelines for controlled ovarian stimulation.
- MedlinePlus. (2023). Intrauterine insemination.
- National Library of Medicine. (2021). In vitro fertilization.
- Practice Committee ASRM. (2019). Recommendations for gamete and embryo donation.
We know this journey can be challenging, but you’re not alone. Every case is unique and deserves a personalized plan. Always consult a fertilization specialist for guidance and to address all your questions.