Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. This is a sign of an underlying medical condition and the accompanying symptoms vary depending on its causes. Treating the condition causing amenorrhea generally resolves this symptom and should always be accompanied by advice for a healthy lifestyle, which in some cases can help restore menstrual periods and, depending on the causes, even fertility. What is amenorrhea? Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods and is classified as: Amenorrhea is a symptom of an underlying medical condition and affects between 2 and 5 percent of American women. However, it is normal for women under 16, over 45, or pregnant women not to menstruate. Main symptoms of amenorrhea Amenorrhea is not a disease but a sign of an underlying medical condition, and therefore the accompanying symptoms vary depending on its causes. These can include: If you have any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a fertility specialist as soon as possible to avoid complications. Causes of Amenorrhea Primary amenorrhea can occur in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or ovaries and is generally due to hormonal imbalances. Similarly, it can be caused by abnormal development of the female reproductive system or the presence of an unperforated hymen that makes it difficult to eliminate menstrual flow. On the other hand, secondary amenorrhea often occurs in patients who have undergone one or more uterine curettages, as well as due to hormonal imbalances (the most common being polycystic ovary syndrome) and the use of oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices (IUDs). Secondary amenorrhea can also be caused by stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, excessive exercise, weight gain or loss, use of psychotropic drugs, and cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Some of the main conditions causing amenorrhea are: How are the causes of amenorrhea diagnosed? In addition to a pelvic exam and analysis of the patient’s medical history, procedures for diagnosing the causes of amenorrhea may include: Once the causes of amenorrhea are determined, treatments may include: Finally, it is important to mention that for some women with amenorrhea, achieving a pregnancy may not be possible even with the most advanced treatments. In these cases, adoption or surrogacy may be viable alternatives to consider. In summary, amenorrhea is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying medical condition, and its causes can vary greatly. Therefore, it is important to seek medical advice if you experience any symptoms of amenorrhea, as early diagnosis and treatment can greatly increase the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.